Preprints
There are 2684 Preprints listed.
Classification and regression trees clarify the role of epistasis and environment in genotype–phenotype maps
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Understanding how genetic variation translates into phenotypic outcomes is central to various sub-fields of genetics. This task is complicated by a range of forces–including epistasis, environmental modulation of mutation effects, and ecological influences–that complicate the process of mapping from genotype to phenotype. In this study, we apply a unified decision tree approach, classification [...]
GhostNetZero: AI for Detecting Marine Ghost Nets
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biodiversity, Databases and Information Systems, Environmental Monitoring, Marine Biology, Research Methods in Life Sciences, Sustainability
Abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gears (ALDFG), commonly referred to as ghost nets, pose a persistent global threat to marine biodiversity. Constructed from durable synthetic polymers, ghost nets remain intact for decades, continuing to entangle and kill marine organisms while damaging habitats and imposing economic burdens on fisheries and coastal communities. Despite their [...]
Spatial networks of habitats, populations, and communities: connecting approaches to keep cutting edges
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Purpose of review: Spatial networks are extensively used in ecology to represent exchanges among landscape features (e.g., habitat patches, river segments) or biological entities (e.g., individuals, populations, communities). I reviewed the literature produced in the past 25 years using these networks. Distinct types of spatial networks have emerged in several subfields of ecology. I aimed to [...]
Social implications of human food subsidies on wildlife populations
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Human activities—intentionally or not—generate a variety of novel food sources that wild animals exploit. On land and in water, human food sources can profoundly alter intraspecific interactions with cascading effects on population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Yet, despite their growing ecological relevance, the role of human food subsidies in shaping intraspecific interactions remains [...]
A high-resolution physiological timeseries uncovers strong but variable seasonal acclimation of thermal limits in a copepod community
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
How a community responds to warming depends on both intra-specific variation in thermal limits and variation in acclimation capacity across community members. These factors, however, are often overlooked, leading to uncertainties about how climate change affects biodiversity. In temperate regions, communities are exposed to large seasonal temperature fluctuations, providing an opportunity to [...]
Novel worker-like behaviour observed in gynes of the social parasite Tetramorium microgyna
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Socially parasitic ants increase their own fitness by exploiting the labour and resources of non-kin ant colonies. Here, we report a novel worker-like behaviour observed in an African workerless inquiline, Tetramorium microgyna, a parasite of Tetramorium sericeiventre. We observed several T. microgyna gynes excavating soil and performing nest maintenance tasks at the entrance of an established T. [...]
Movement-informed projections of Bristol Bay red king crab seasonal distribution to support spatial management decisions
Published: 2025-09-22
Subjects: Aquaculture and Fisheries Life Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Marine Biology
Understanding seasonal shifts in the spatial distribution of Bristol Bay red king crab (BBRKC) is essential to developing adaptive management strategies that promote sustainable harvest. Although fishery harvests suggest a substantial shift in the distribution of male crab between late spring (when fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys occur) and autumn (during the directed fishery), the [...]
A Unified and Predictive Measure of Functional Diversity
Published: 2025-09-19
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Despite the critical role of functional diversity (FD) in understanding ecological systems and processes, its robust quantification remains a significant challenge. A long-held view in the field is that it is not possible to capture its three facets---functional richness, functional divergence, and functional evenness---in a single index. This perspective has prompted recent proposals for FD [...]
What defines an urban butterfly? Life history traits and habitat associations of butterflies in urban environments
Published: 2025-09-19
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
Urban areas are encroaching onto semi-natural areas the world over, driving species assemblages into homogenisation. A better understanding of the life history and habitat association traits can help support management efforts to improve urban biodiversity. Urban areas present an ecological filter, limiting the number of species present compared to the wider countryside. What characteristics help [...]
From Data to Decisions: Towards a Biodiversity Monitoring Standards Framework
Published: 2025-09-18
Subjects: Life Sciences
Achieving the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), requires robust monitoring and reporting to track progress and guide action. However, our ability to understand trends is challenged because biodiversity data are fragmented and biased. This stems from the many different approaches used to record data, aggregate records, and analyze them to detect trends and [...]
PyTLidar: A Python Package for Tree QSM Modeling from Terrestrial Lidar Data
Published: 2025-09-16
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Evolution, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
PyTLidar is an open-source Python package that reconstructs 3D tree Quantitative Structure Models (QSM) from Terrestrial Lidar Scanning (TLS) data, providing a user-friendly tool that improves and expands upon the MATLAB-based TreeQSM method. QSMs are used to automate detection and calculation of various topological and volumetric measurements that would normally take great effort to gather in [...]
Trophic Reorganization and Energy Deficit: A Multispecies Size-Spectrum Model of the Grand Banks
Published: 2025-09-16
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Marine Biology
Marine ecosystems face unprecedented pressures from fishing and climate change, with both bottom-up energy transfer and top-down predation influencing ecosystem control, though their relative importance varies across space and time. The Grand Banks of Newfoundland provides a compelling case study, where capelin (Mallotus villosus) biomass collapsed by 99% in 1990–1991, followed by the collapse of [...]
Trends of ungulate species in Europe: not all stories are equal
Published: 2025-09-16
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Zoology
Wild ungulates have deep impacts on socio-ecological systems, and analyzing large-scale population trends in a multispecies set can identify their environmental and socio-economic drivers. We collected annual hunting bags (n = 11,046, period 1975-2018) of 7 wild ungulates of high management interest across 25 European countries. We identified different temporal trends in hunting bags and for roe [...]
England’s statutory biodiversity metric offers lessons in ensuring metrics for nature markets measure true change
Published: 2025-09-16
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy
The need for standardized metrics for measuring losses and gains in biodiversity has resulted in many countries, and private sector initiatives, looking to adapt the England’s Statutory Biodiversity Metric for mandatory Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG). BNG requires a minimum 10% uplift in biodiversity units out of infrastructure development, and these number of biodiversity units depends in part on [...]
Passive acoustic monitoring and deep learning reveal spatiotemporal patterns in gibbon calling behaviour associated with habitat and climate variables
Published: 2025-09-16
Subjects: Behavior and Ethology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Zoology
1. Understanding the basic ecology of endangered species is essential for effective conservation, yet this remains challenging for elusive species inhabiting tropical forests. For the endangered Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis), basic ecological information remains limited. Most research on the species is restricted to peat swamp forests, while little is known from other forest [...]