Preprints

There are 1803 Preprints listed.

Rotten to the core? How internal stem damage varies vertically in savanna trees and is influenced by tree species, traits, and external damage pressures

Abbey R Yatsko, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Michaela Fitzgerald, et al.

Published: 2024-10-04
Subjects: Life Sciences

1. Trees are important aboveground carbon sinks in savanna ecosystems, yet consumption of internal wood by decomposers (e.g., termites and microbes) creates uncertainties in tree biomass accounting. It remains unclear whether internal stem damage is constant or variable throughout the tree, making it uncertain if a lower stem sample reflects damage in the entire tree. Furthermore, total damage [...]

How does climate change impact the population of polar bears? Environmental threats, ecological dynamics and conservation efforts

Dongjin Kim, Jenni Barrera

Published: 2024-10-04
Subjects: Life Sciences

Climate change is one of the major drivers of recent biodiversity loss on a global scale. Some species try to adapt to such changes through shifting their range and behaviour due to their habitat being altered or damaged. Within the Arctic regions, temperature rise is three times higher than the global average, affecting various species at different rates in this ecosystem. Such a warming effect [...]

Leveraging ResNet-50 for Precision Toxicity Classification in Plants: A Vision-Based Approach to Safeguard Public Health

Aria Makhija

Published: 2024-10-04
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Plant Sciences

The classification of toxic and non-toxic plants plays an important role in ensuring public safety, especially in agriculture, food safety, and health. Correct identification of these plants can prevent accidental poisoning and promote ecological protection. In this paper, we investigate the application of the ResNet-50 model for the classification of toxic and non-toxic plants. Leveraging the [...]

Phenology-informed decline risk of estuarine fishes and their prey suggests potential for future trophic mismatches

Robert Joseph Fournier, Tyler C Marino, Stephanie Carlson, et al.

Published: 2024-10-03
Subjects: Life Sciences

Conservation scientists have long used population viability analysis (PVA) on species count data to quantify trends and critical decline risk, thereby informing conservation actions. These assessments typically focus on single species rather than assemblages and assume that risk is consistent within a given life stage (e.g., across the different seasons or months of a year). However, if risk is [...]

Comparing two ground-based seed count methods and their effect on masting metrics

Jessie Josepha Foest, Michał Bogdziewicz, Thomas Caignard, et al.

Published: 2024-10-02
Subjects: Forest Biology, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Plant Biology

Masting, i.e. interannually variable and synchronized seed production, plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, influencing wildlife dynamics, pathogen prevalence, and forest regeneration. Accurately capturing masting variability is important for effective forest management, conservation efforts, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. The adoption of low-cost methods [...]

Pathways for transformative change in biodiversity politics: Examining the significance of the Global Biodiversity Framework’s ‘Considerations’

Alison Hutchinson, Anthony Zito, Philip JK McGowan

Published: 2024-10-01
Subjects: Biodiversity

This paper examines the ‘Considerations’ that are intended to underpin the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). With so little time to meet the 2030 mission of transforming conservation approaches and curbing biodiversity decline, we reflect on the opportunities the Considerations present for transformative governance in biodiversity conservation. We [...]

European wild honeybee populations are endangered

Patrick Laurenz Kohl, Benjamin Rutschmann

Published: 2024-10-01
Subjects: Life Sciences

The population trends of wild western honeybees (Apis mellifera) have been neglected by conservationists because the species has been considered to consist of managed colonies only, leading to its current European IUCN Red List category “Data Deficient”. New data suggests that wild honeybee colonies (still) make up one sixth to one fifth of the overall European honeybee population. The population [...]

The best of both worlds: why antipredator traits are lost in predator free havens and how to keep them

Natasha LeBas, Jennifer Rodger, Rowan Lymberry, et al.

Published: 2024-10-01
Subjects: Life Sciences

As a response to the current biodiversity crisis, active management of threatened species has become more frequent (Hoffmann et al., 2010), with predator free havens an increasingly common conservation management strategy (Legge et al., 2022). In Australia, where introduced predators such as cats (Moseby et al., 2015) and foxes (Radford et al., 2018) are one of the largest threats to native [...]

A framework for reproductive outcomes of phenological match-mismatch in migratory breeders tested on a declining species, caribou

Eric Post, Pernille Sporon Bøving, R Conor Higgins, et al.

Published: 2024-10-01
Subjects: Life Sciences

Long distance migrants with endogenously timed reproduction may be especially vulnerable to phenological mismatch on summer ranges where offspring are produced and provisioned. This is because departure timing from winter ranges and breeding timing on summer ranges in such species is cued primarily by photoperiod while the timing of resource availability on summer ranges is cued by local [...]

Recent advances in the biology, genetics and ecology of the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum

Huayong Wang, Annegret Kohler, Francis Michel Martin

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences

The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum is a cosmopolitan and ecologically significant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus that forms symbiotic associations with diverse host plants globally across various ecosystems. As the only known ECM member of Dothideomycetes, C. geophilum exhibits several distinctive characteristics that distinguish it from other ECM fungi. Its high genetic diversity is particularly [...]

A historical confusion that has long permeated the sex paradox

Gustavo Gollo

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences

A historical misunderstanding permeates nearly every formulation of the sexual reproduction paradox, an age-old conundrum that continues to challenge the foundations of evolutionary theory. Recognizing this error will clarify the problem and facilitate its resolution.

Insect Lipid Metabolism in the Presence of Symbiotic and Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria

Bertanne Visser, Mathilde Scheifler

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences

Insects, like most animals, have intimate interactions with microorganisms that can influence the insect host’s lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we describe what is known so far about the role prokaryotic microorganisms play in insect lipid metabolism. We start exploring microbe-insect lipid interactions focusing on endosymbionts, and more specifically the gut microbiota that has been [...]

Are Australia’s volcanic-forests “biogeographic continental islands”?

Ngoc Nguyen, Greg R. Guerin, Greg Jordan, et al.

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences

This study investigates whether Cenozoic volcanic complexes in eastern Australia act as biogeographic islands, fostering high levels of terrestrial vascular plant endemism and range-restricted species compared to surrounding sedimentary landscapes. Over six million herbarium records were analysed to assess range-restriction using area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO). [...]

A State and Transition framework to guide riparian woodland vegetation management and environmental water decisions

Megan Kate Good, Christopher Jones

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

River regulation and water extraction are major threats to the health and persistence of water-dependent ecosystems, such as riparian woodlands and forests. In heavily modified agricultural landscapes, riparian vegetation is also impacted by site-level stressors like livestock grazing, tree clearing, and weed invasions. Complex interactions among spatial and temporal drivers in water-dependent [...]

Temporal stability in songs across the breeding range of the Mourning Warbler may be due to learning fidelity and transmission biases

Jay Pitocchelli, Adam Albina, R. Alexander Bentley, et al.

Published: 2024-09-30
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Behavior and Ethology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Ornithology

We found a stable pattern of geographic variation in songs across the breeding range of the Mourning Warbler over a 36 yr period. The Western, Eastern, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland regiolects found in 2005-2009 also existed from 1983-1988 and 2017-2019. Each regiolect contained a pool of syllables that were unique and different from the other regiolects. The primary syllable types that defined [...]

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