Preprints
There are 3739 Preprints listed.
Climate vulnerability assessment framework choice influences species prioritization and prediction of population decline
Published: 2026-10-01
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are regarded as an essential strategy to conservation strategies but are rarely used to inform conservation planning and prioritize species for management and adaptation. The main factor inhibiting its use is the challenge of combining exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive-capacity variables and, especially, of evaluating the ability of frameworks to [...]
What, if anything, can studies of adaptation to altitude reveal about responses to climate change?
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Understanding the impacts of global climate change on biodiversity is critical to its conservation. Existing frameworks within evolutionary biology can help us predict whether, and under what conditions, adaptation may be a sufficient means for population persistance in a changing environment. Here, we consider the relevance of mountain ranges as natural systems for studying this process. [...]
Diurnal temperature fluctuations outweigh population origin in shaping thermal performance and range predictions in European Aedes albopictus
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences, Zoology
Predicting invasive ectotherm responses to climate change requires understanding how population-level variation and diurnal temperature fluctuations shape thermal performance, and whether constant-temperature measurements accurately capture performance under fluctuating conditions. Yet many models, including those used to predict mosquito distribution and disease transmission, still rely on [...]
Probabilistic projections of human modification of the terrestrial biosphere from 2020 to 2040
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Conservation actions are more effective when they anticipate future threats rather than respond only after loss occurs. Most spatial forecasts focus only on land-cover change and fail to capture the broader set of pressures that degrade biodiversity. To close this gap, we develop global probabilistic forecasts of cumulative human modification (HM), a continuous measure that combines 16 [...]
Genomic repetition in climate adaptation across different crop species
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Commercial crop varieties (cultivars) have a narrow genetic diversity that makes them vulnerable to climate change. Yet most crops have related semi-domesticated varieties (landraces) and wild relatives that thrive under climates that would be considered extreme for cultivars. The genomes of such varieties are reservoirs of unknown adaptive traits, some of which could be used to extend the [...]
Nonlinear survey-effort adjustment removes the reported bird-diversity effect
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
A recent study published in Science reported that greater photovoltaic policy stringency (PSI) was associated with lower Shannon diversity, lower Simpson diversity, lower species richness, and slightly higher species evenness in China. We exactly reproduced their published model and then evaluated seven alternative survey-effort specifications across Richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson [...]
Amplexus Takeover in the Asian Common Toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, in Dumka, Jharkhand, India
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
I report an instance of amplexus takeover in the Asian Common Toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, observed at Simardhuma village, Dumka District, Jharkhand, India, on 21 July 2025. Over an 18-minute sequence, a second male repeatedly interfered with an amplectant pair until the amplectant male released the female, after which the second male assumed amplexus. Although male replacement is known [...]
Expert Elicitation on demographic consequences of seabird compensatory measures
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
1. Protected seabirds present a serious constraint to offshore renewable energy expansion due to potential effects of displacement from habitat, barrier effects to movements, and collisions with turbine blades. The process of delivering compensatory measures to offset offshore wind (OW) impacts on seabirds is underway as deployments increase in scale and pace, driving cumulative impacts to become [...]
Large differences in thermal tolerance between isolated organs in rainbow trout
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
Due to climate change, research on thermal performance limits in ectotherms has received much attention in the last two decades. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms and most vulnerable organs remain largely unknown. Here, we examined contractile performance in different organs from rainbow trout during an acute warming challenge, including the heart (cardiac muscle), caudal peduncle [...]
From training to implementation: building capacity in invasion science
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
Effective management of biological invasions requires scientifically robust decision-support tools and the capacity to apply them consistently. Risk identification is the first step of invasion risk analysis, yet comparatively little attention has been given to how such tools are transferred into operational use. This paper describes an international training programme based on the Invasiveness [...]
Toward a General Theory of Heteromorphic Reproduction
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Evolution, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Research Methods in Life Sciences
Organisms often divide reproductive investment among outputs that differ in morphology, timing, or reproductive mechanism. In this paper I extend the minimum-risk treatment of seed heteromorphism to the more general question of organisms with ‘portfolios’ of biologically distinct reproductive outputs. The resulting framework specifies a common investment and fitness currency, calculates returns [...]
Genomic divergence between species identifies taxonomic outliers and establishes calibrated molecular clocks
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
For decades, molecular clocks that rely on one or a few genes have been employed to quantify evolutionary rates (e.g., anagenesis) or to help date important phylogeographic events (e.g., vicariance). Genome-wide clocks remain largely unexplored, and the degree to which genome-wide divergence scales with time is still unknown in most vertebrates. Here, we expand the concept of the molecular clock [...]
Wildlife Responses to a Resident a Family: A Three-Year Camera Census on Restored Prairie–Savanna (2024–2026)
Published: 2026-09-29
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
A steward-conducted trail-camera census on a restored prairie–savanna complex in Washburn County, Wisconsin, labeled every frame from ten cameras at nine fixed stations for 2024, 2025 and January–June 2026 (11,820 frames; 11,135 estimated wildlife individuals; 1,027 frames of the resident family). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) made up 67–83% of wildlife individuals in each year. [...]
Wolf–Deer and Guild Camera-trap Detections Across Wisconsin’s Statewide Wolf Range (2018–2025), Resolved by Deer Class: Buck Selection in the Hard-Antler Season, Bears and Fawns, and Class-Specific Reference Values for Displacement
Published: 2026-09-29
Subjects: Behavior and Ethology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
A statewide analysis of wolf-enriched Snapshot Wisconsin camera data (Vraniak 2026d) reported four things: wolves following deer, a temporary rise in that following after the February 2021 wolf harvest, displacement of deer by wolves, and avoidance of people across five co-occurring species. All of it treated deer as a single class. This companion resolves the deer into antlered bucks, antlerless [...]
Reservoir, sink, or reactor? Repositioning marine sponges as candidate indicators for coastal antimicrobial resistance monitoring
Published: 2026-09-29
Subjects: Life Sciences
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spreads through the environment, and in coastal areas it is investigated mainly in water and sediment. These matrices capture antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) passing through them but may fail to retain that information over time because of the dynamics inherent in these ecosystems. Filter-feeding invertebrates are obvious candidates for the role, and bivalves [...]