Preprints
There are 2238 Preprints listed.
Dynamic pollinator networks maintain pollination efficiency during mast flowering in an insect-pollinated tree
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Mast seeding, the synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years, is common among perennial plants, enhancing reproductive success through predator satiation and improved pollination. Animal-pollinated species generally show lower interannual variability in seed production then wind-pollinated plants, often explained by pollinator satiation reducing selection for masting. However, [...]
Modelling approaches for meta-analyses with dependent effect sizes in ecology and evolution: A simulation study
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Statistical Methodology
1. In ecology and evolution, meta-analysis is an important tool to synthesise findings across separate studies. However, ecological and evolutionary data often exhibit complex dependence structures, such as shared sources of variation within studies, phylogenetic relationships, and hierarchical sampling designs. Recent statistical advancements offer approaches for handling such complexities in [...]
Forest restoration treatments increase native plant diversity but open the door to invasion in the Colorado Front Range
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Forest Biology, Forest Management, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Forest thinning treatments are often done with objectives to re-establish historical forest structure and increase the system’s resilience against future wildfires. But little is known about their long-term efficacy, and effects on understory plant composition. This is especially true in the Colorado Front Range (CFR). We used a before/after control/impact study design to assess the effects of [...]
Drought-induced tree mortality affects the space-use and individual plasticity of an endangered forest carnivore
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology
Rapid changes in landscape structure can disrupt the ecology and life history of species of conservation concern. Shifting climate, land-use, and disturbance regimes are generating novel landscape patterns, and it is unclear how these novel conditions may affect imperiled species. In the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, extensive drought-induced tree mortality has rapidly altered forest [...]
Functional traits drive the competitive assembly of ant communities and impact colony performance in competition mesocosms
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Studies along broad spatial and habitat gradients evidence that organisms’ traits can influence community assembly through their impact on dispersal and environmental filtering. However, the role of traits in structuring local faunal communities within habitats remains poorly understood. In particular, the often-assumed role of traits in affecting the outcome of competition among animal species [...]
Shifts in phenology and species ranges restructure the flowering season across North America
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Global change is altering the phenology and geographic ranges of flowering species, with potentially profound consequences for the timing and composition of floral resources and the seasonal structure of ecological communities. However, shifts in flowering phenology and species distributions have historically been studied in isolation due to disciplinary silos and limited data, leaving critical [...]
De Novo Gene Emergence: Summary, Classification, and Challenges of Current Methods
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Bioinformatics, Genomics
A novel mechanism of de novo gene origination from non-genic sequences was first proposed in the early 2000s. Subsequent studies have since provided evidence of de novo gene emergence across all domains of life, revealing its occurrence to be more frequent than initially anticipated. While studies mainly agree on the general concept of de novo emergence from non-genic DNA, the exact methods and [...]
AedesTraits: A global database of temperature–dependent trait responses in Aedes mosquitoes
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences
Invasive Aedes mosquitoes are major vectors of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, posing an increasing threat to global public health. Their recent geographic expansion calls for predictive models to simulate population dynamics and transmission risk. Temperature is a key driver in these models, influencing traits that affect vector competence. While data on [...]
IQ-TREE 3: Phylogenomic Inference Software using Complex Evolutionary Models
Published: 2025-04-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org) is a widely used open-source software tool for efficiently inferring phylogenetic trees under maximum likelihood. Here, we present IQ-TREE version 3, the third major release of the software. IQ-TREE 3 significantly extends version 2 with new features, including mixture models as an alternative to partitioned models, gene and site concordance factors to quantify [...]
Characterising local climates and biologically-relevant climate changes on the Southern Ocean Islands
Published: 2025-04-07
Subjects: Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
The Southern Ocean climate has undergone significant changes over the last several decades, which has had consequences for conditions on the few small islands scattered across the region. Previous investigations of climate changes on the Southern Ocean Islands (SOIs) have examined single climate variables, such as temperature, and single islands or island groups. Furthermore, these studies have [...]
Reflections from the 2025 EcoHack: AI & LLM Hackathon for Applications in Evidence-based Ecological Research & Practice
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences
This paper presents outcomes from the inaugural "EcoHack: AI & LLM Hackathon for Applications in Evidence-based Ecological Research & Practice," which convened participants from across Europe and beyond, culminating in 11 team submissions. These submissions highlighted six broad application areas of AI for ecology: (1) AI-enhanced decision support and automation, (2) scientific search and [...]
Understanding different types of repeatability and intra-class correlation for an analysis of biological variation
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Repeatability (more generally known as intraclass correlation) represents an important quantity of interest in many scientific fields. It represents a metric for summarizing variance decomposition to identify sources of variation in an outcome of interest (e.g. organismal traits). The estimation of variance components is often achieved through linear mixed-effect models or their extension, [...]
Ecological harshness mediates reproductive trade-offs in a great tit population
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Evolution, Population Biology
Lack’s seminal work on bird clutch sizes has spurred expansive research on reproductive trade-offs, especially focusing on offspring quantity–quality trade-offs and the potential fitness consequences for the parents. The environment is a critical driver of the expression of individual reproductive traits, influencing them through plastic responses. However, the plasticity of reproductive [...]
The effect of group size on ectoparasite load and physiological markers of health in a communally-roosting bird
Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Group living in animals can provide individuals with many fitness benefits, but also increases their exposure to parasites. However, the relationship between group size and parasite load both across and within species is highly variable, potentially due to selection acting on adaptations to reduce infection risks and costs, as well as species-specific variation in the type and frequency of social [...]
Weaning age and supersuckling in Galápagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki): Maternal, offspring and environmental drivers of life-history strategies
Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Life Sciences
Weaning marks a critical life-history transition in mammals, shaped by maternal investment strategies, offspring condition, and environmental constraints. In Galápagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki), weaning age is highly variable, with some individuals continuing to suckle into adulthood (supersucklers). Using 20 years of mark-recapture data from 1890 individuals, we applied multi-state [...]