Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
INSTAR: reporting items for invertebrate welfare in research
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences
Concern for the welfare of research animals has expanded rapidly across taxa, with increasing focus on invertebrates. Recent evidence for affective experience in cephalopod, decapod and insect taxa, alongside shifts in public attitudes and regulation, has raised the stakes of how invertebrates are used and reported, yet no reporting standard adequately addresses them. Here we present INSTAR [...]
Which modelling choices have been tested where marine survey data are sparse? An evidence map of 95 studies and a graded practitioner guide
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Aim: Species distribution models increasingly underpin marine conservation decisions, but most evidence on model performance comes from data rich settings unlike the sparse, clustered and irregularly sampled records typical of marine systems. We synthesise published evidence to establish which modelling choices govern predictive reliability when data are limited and translate the result into [...]
Regulation 1143/2014 has yet to curb the European Union’s invasive species crisis
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
The European Union’s flagship legislation on invasive species, Regulation 1143/2014, was intended to deliver coordinated biosecurity across Member States. However, it continues to fall short of its ambitious goals as enforcement remains inconsistent, ecological priorities are often overridden by economic interests, taxonomic, geographic and ecosystem biases, and practical on-the-ground management [...]
Foraging group size affects repeatable individual variation and strategic social plasticity
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Animal Studies, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Although game theory successfully predicts how negative frequency dependence can maintain behavioural variation through stable equilibria, it does not predict whether this variation reflects repeatable differences among individuals or variation within individuals. Because social group size influences how individuals respond to social information, it may shape how individual variation is [...]
Growing disequilibria in species distributions and assemblage diversity until the end of the 21st‑century
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Biodiversity forecasts almost universally assume that species are in equilibrium with contemporary environmental conditions. The consequences of this assumption are rarely tested, yet it may systematically bias inference and prediction whenever past natural or anthropogenic disturbances leave legacy effects keeping biodiversity in disequilibrium. Here we test how accounting for such legacy [...]
As invasions slow down, biosecurity must move inward
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Animal Studies, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies
Rates of non-native-species first records and establishment are slowing. This is encouraging, but it changes rather than resolves the biosecurity problem imposed by biological invasions. As external establishments decline while national non-native-species pools remain compositionally distinct, a growing share of remaining invasion opportunity should lie in redistribution among connected [...]
Stomatal responses of herbaceous plants to climate change since the 1800s: A case study using herbarium specimens
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Biodiversity, Botany, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Background and Aims: As climate change accelerates, plants are expected to respond in myriad ways, such as shifting phenology or altering the density or size of stomata. Nonetheless, most studies to date have focused on just a single facet at a time. Methods: Here, we used herbarium specimens to examine stomatal responses to climate change in two perennial herbaceous species that have not [...]
Migration of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola through Morocco: historical records and new evidence from Atlantic coastal wetlands
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
The Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola is a globally threatened long-distance migrant whose occurrence in Morocco remains poorly documented, particularly during post-breeding migration. Historical records document both pre- and post-breeding migration through Morocco, although only nine post-breeding records were reported before 2000, with subsequent targeted surveys resulting in the capture [...]
Audio embeddings identify novel sounds and track soundscape change within a tropical restoration landscape
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is increasingly being used over conventional biodiversity surveys because it is more cost-effective and implementable at a landscape level. However, the cheaper sensors that removed the barriers to PAM have now shifted the challenge from data collection to interpretation. Acoustic indices address this by condensing each recording into single summary statistics, [...]
Solar parks as an opportunity to jointly advance climate-change mitigation and biodiversity conservation
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
Anthropogenic climate change is among the most pressing challenges for humanity making carbon-neutral energy production a top priority. Across the globe, solar energy is the single fastest growing energy source with solar parks covering more and more land surface area across many continents. The rise in solar energy production affects terrestrial biodiversity in the areas now occupied by solar [...]
Post-dispersal seed predation reflects tree species occurrence beyond local neighborhoods in a forest biodiversity experiment
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences
Post-dispersal seed predation is a key mechanism underlying Janzen-Connell (JC) effects with seed predation expected to decline with increasing distance from conspecific trees. However, the spatial scale at which seed predators respond to the occurrence of their resource tree species remains poorly understood. In particular, mobile consumers may respond to resource distributions beyond the local [...]
Disentangling trait and phylogenetic signals in species co-occurrence: a Bayesian dyadic regression approach
Published: 2026-09-16
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Aim: Understanding the factors shaping species co-occurrence is a central objective in ecology. Progress is hindered by correlations among species traits and phylogenetic relationships, which confound each other’s signals. Regression-based approaches hold promise to ameliorate this issue, but the current toolkit lacks methods that combine suitable likelihoods for co-occurrence data with latent [...]
Climate-associated genomic differentiation in Lemmon’s willow, an important restoration species
Published: 2026-09-16
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Restoration practitioners are considering assisted gene flow to promote persistence of restored vegetation under future climatic conditions. However, for many important restoration species, the extent of climate-associated genomic differentiation remains unclear. Here, we examined climate-associated genomic differentiation in Lemmon’s willow (Salix lemmonii), a key species in Sierra Nevada meadow [...]
Temperature drives transcriptomic shifts in amphibian skin bacterial communities with consequences for fungal pathogen control
Published: 2026-09-16
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Genomics, Life Sciences
The chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) are two of the largest threats to amphibian populations worldwide. While the amphibian skin microbiome can inhibit these fungal pathogens, microbial composition varies substantially across host and environmental contexts. In addition, habitat-wide mitigation methods that capitalize on the thermal [...]
Migration timing depends on balancing the risks of exposure and escape from infection
Published: 2026-09-15
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
As anthropogenic changes alter animal migration routes, understanding the consequences of these changes is critical for conservation. One consequence of altered migratory routes is exposure to infection by new parasites (i.e., migratory exposure). Theoretical models aiming to understand migration-infection dynamics typically have focused on infection-related benefits (i.e., migratory escape) to [...]