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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Life Sciences

IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Mangroves of the Java Transitional

Frida Sidik, Dhira Saputra, Yaya Ihya Ulumuddin, et al.

Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Life Sciences

Mangroves of the Java Transitional is a regional ecosystem subgroup (level 4 unit of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology). It includes the marine ecoregions of Southern Java and Cocos-Keeling/Christmas Island. The Java Transitional mangrove province mapped extent in 2020 was 159.9 km2, representing 0.1% of the global mangrove area. The biota is characterized by 34 species of true mangroves. Java [...]

IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Mangroves of the North Brazil Shelf

Marcus E. B. Fernandes, Christophe Proisy, Temitope D.T. Oyedotun, et al.

Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Life Sciences

Mangroves of the North Brazil Shelf (NBS) are a regional ecosystem subgroup (level 4 unit of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology). It includes the marine ecoregions of Amazonia, Guianan, Northeastern Brazil, and the Southern Caribbean. The NBS mangrove province had a mapped extent in 2020 of 13204.0 km2, representing 9.0% of the global mangrove area. The biota is characterized by Rhizophora [...]

Challenges and opportunities when assessing exposure of financial investments to ecosystem regime shifts

André Pinto da Silva, Nielja Knecht, Romain Thomas, et al.

Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Life Sciences

Financial investments will be affected by ecological regime shifts through the loss of natural resources underpinning dependencies of most economic sectors. We suggest one possible pathway to link industry and products to the likelihood of ecological regime shifts. The challenges and opportunities are discussed at each step, including datasets, methods and metrics. To this end, we identify recent [...]

Individual variation in perceived density and its impacts on the realization of ecological niches

Ane Liv Berthelsen, Barbara A. Caspers, Nayden Chakarov, et al.

Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Behavior and Ethology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Organisms gain information about their local environment using different senses. Variation in both reception and assessment of stimuli leads to differences among individuals in their perception of environments. Here, we highlight the importance of acknowledging and investigating such individual differences by focusing on perceived density, the individual’s assessment of local density. We [...]

Monitoring ecological corridors for nature and people

Annika Keeley, Jamie Faselt, Gabriel Oppler, et al.

Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences

Ecological corridors designed to maintain ecological connectivity between protected and conserved areas is a conservation strategy that is increasingly embraced around the world. Monitoring corridor effectiveness is essential to gauge progress toward connectivity conservation objectives; it also fosters learning among diverse rightsholders and interested parties. In particular, monitoring how [...]

Mining for Species, Locations, Habitats, and Ecosystems from Scientific Papers in Invasion Biology: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study with Large Language Models

Jennifer D'Souza, Zachary M. Laubach, Tarek Al Mustafa, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences

This paper presents an exploratory study that harnesses the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to mine key ecological entities from invasion biology literature. Specifically, we focus on extracting species names, their locations, associated habitats, and ecosystems, information that is critical for understanding species spread, predicting future invasions, and informing conservation [...]

Indirect effects dominate ecosystem service losses in response to agricultural intensification

Agustin Vitali, Darren M. Evans, Fredric M. Windsor, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Agriculture, Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences

Feeding a growing human population while preventing biodiversity loss is a major challenge. Land conversion impacts multiple ecosystem services (ESs), including food production and biodiversity-dependent services; yet, the role of indirect effects on ESs within this context, such as parasitoids boosting crop yield by controlling herbivores, remains poorly understood. Using species-network data [...]

Tracheal chambers as a key innovation for high frequency emission in bat echolocation.

Nicolas Louis Michel Brualla, Laura AB Wilson, Khizar Hayat, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Evolution, Life Sciences, Zoology

Key innovations play a crucial role in driving biodiversity and facilitating evolutionary success by enabling organisms to adapt to various ecological niches through the diversification of phenotypic traits. These innovations have been observed in different vertebrate clades, such as mammals evolving hypsodonty to graze on contemporary grasses and bats with the evolution of echolocation, [...]

MIGRACIÓN DE UN AVE COSTERA: LA GAVIOTA GARUMA (Leucophaeus modestus) Y SU DINÁMICA OCUPACIONAL EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL PAN DE AZÚCAR

Werther Marcoleta, Cristobal Saez, Liesbeth van den Brink

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences

La gaviota garuma es un ave costera migratoria austral que se distribuye por la costa oeste de Sudamérica, y que nidifica en el interior del desierto de Atacama, Chile. En el Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar, la gaviota garuma es el ave más abundante. Durante 2 años monitoreamos mensualmente los individuos presentes en la costa. Se identificaron más gaviotas garumas en verano del primer año que en [...]

A pragmatic framework for local operationalisation of national-level biodiversity impact mitigation commitments

Thomas Benjamin Atkins, Natalie Elizabeth Duffus, Amber J. Butler, et al.

Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences

Countries around the world are attempting to navigate complex trade-offs between biodiversity and other land use objectives such as infrastructure expansion, with many adopting ‘net outcomes’ policies that aim to ensure economic development leaves biodiversity better off than before. The implementation of net outcomes policies often occurs on a project-by-project basis, which can lead to [...]

From metabolism to coexistence: Understanding animal movement and community dynamics through energy

Leonna Szangolies, Florian Jeltsch, Lewis G. Halsey, et al.

Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Life Sciences

Recent advances in the field of movement ecology have revealed intricate links between the movement of individual animals and the biodiversity of ecosystems. Hence, to advance our understanding of biodiversity and its ongoing loss due to global change, we may benefit from considering animal movement processes. Movement both shapes and is shaped by an animal’s energy state. Additionally, fitness, [...]

Assessing rarity: genomic insights for population assessments and conservation of the most poorly known Amazonian trees

Ellen Quinlan, David A Neill, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, et al.

Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Life Sciences

Tropical forests comprise a few hyperdominant and many rare tree species, but distinguishing the truly rare from those under-sampled remains a challenge for ecology and conservation. Given the vastness of Amazonia (~6 million km2, ~3.9x1011 individual trees), increasing sampling cannot solve this problem. Still, half of all species are known from three or fewer collections, making predicting [...]

Agroecological farming promotes yield and biodiversity but may require subsidy to be profitable

Benjamin Woodcock Woodcock, Samantha Cook, Lucy Humles, et al.

Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

1. Intensive arable agriculture uses agrochemicals to replace ecosystem services (e.g. pest control and soil health) while simultaneously degrading others (e.g. pollination). Agroecological farming aims to reduce this reliance. Whether these practices maintain yields at a scale relevant to farm business viability is unclear. 2. In a 4-year replicated study across 17 English farms we assessed [...]

The origin and evolution of life as continuing expansion of viral hosts

Lev G. Nemchinov

Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Life Sciences

Emergence of life on Earth, presumably beginning from “cosmic chemistry” and culminating in the last universal common ancestor, likely involved a complicated evolution of the primeval residues via basic intermediate forms capable of self-replication. These primordial replicators could have further evolved into archaic virus-like structures, which in turn became the precursors of the cellular life [...]

Explanations of the obstetric dilemma: evolutionary conflict exacerbates health problems in pregnancy and childbirth

Dakota E McCoy, Jennifer Kotler, Brianna Weir, et al.

Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Anthropology, Biological and Physical Anthropology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Evolution, Genetics, Life Sciences, Maternal and Child Health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Medical Research

In their recent Nature Ecology and Evolution paper, Webb and colleagues show that chimpanzee pelvises present a tight fit for newborn infants, just like in humans. Their detailed 3D characterization shows that the degree of the squeeze is comparable between humans and chimpanzees, and that both have sexually dimorphic pelvises. The authors challenge the so-called “obstetric dilemma” – the [...]

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