Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Life Sciences
Pleistocene origins of cultural and linguistic diversification: how Homo sapiens and Neanderthals differed
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Life Sciences
It is now widely assumed that Neanderthals possessed a human language-like communication system. What is yet unclear is how different this was from ours. Here we ask whether the communication system of Neanderthals shared a key feature of human languages: ergodicity. Ergodicity allows linguistic evolution to continue for purposes of social differentiation without changing the species-wide [...]
Gendered male and high-income country authors dominate publication at a One Health research organization
Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Publishing, Research Methods in Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Authorship on academic publications carries substantial weight for researchers in science fields. One’s position in a list of authors is typically used to signal information about author contributions and status, with the first and last authorship positions regarded as the most prestigious and important for career advancement. Therefore, any inequities that exist in the allocation of publication [...]
Herbarium specimens reveal regional patterns of tallgrass prairie invasion and changing species abundance across 130 years
Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Biodiversity, Botany, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Plant Biology, Plant Sciences
The spread of non-native species is an acute threat to global biodiversity. However, a lack of long-term, spatially widespread occurrence data has prevented investigation of how multi-species invasions affect native assemblages. We harnessed more than 65,000 digitized herbarium specimens across 522 species to study how relative abundances of native and non-native species have changed since the [...]
Social plasticity across contexts in bobwhite quail
Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
An animal’s social network centrality has been linked to social benefits. However, the inverse effect of providing benefits to conspecifics on one’s centrality has received less attention. We investigated effects of foraging success, and accompanying food access provided to others, on an individual’s relationships in multiple social contexts using three captive groups of bobwhite quail (Colinus [...]
Exploring the factors underlying adaptive social plasticity in foragers using an agent-based model
Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
Recent studies in group-living species suggest that being a valuable group member (a source of information or other resources) should increase social connectedness. This is because individuals may recognize and associate more with valuable individuals to increase the chances of benefiting from their activity, a process we refer to here as adaptive social plasticity. However, it is still unclear [...]
The role of touch in marine mammal sociality: a review and future directions
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Animal Studies, Behavior and Ethology, Life Sciences
While social living has many advantages, it also has significant challenges associated with differences in individual interests, abilities, and intentions. Individuals in social species rely on diverse behaviours and signals across senses to mediate their relationships. In some species—particularly primates—touch plays a key role in establishing, affirming, and repairing social bonds. However, [...]
Impacts of carbon farming practices on biodiversity at the farm scale
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
1. Biodiversity loss from intensive agriculture poses a major threat to the long-term sustainability and resilience of food production systems. Sustainable land management practices, such as carbon farming, offer promising alternatives, but their biodiversity impacts and the most effective methods for detecting these impacts remain poorly understood. 2. We surveyed 19 farms in boreal Finland to [...]
Collectomics in plant biodiversity research - looking into the past to understand the present and shape the future
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
Global biodiversity is changing at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene. Whereas current biodiversity patterns can be observed directly, information from the recent past is far less easily retrieved yet urgently needed to understand present observations and predict future developments. For plants, herbaria offer such a unique glimpse into the past. Evaluation of plant specimens allows [...]
Meta-CHANS: Linking Metacommunity Ecology with Coupled Human and Nature Systems to Foster Conservation Management
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
Spatial processes shape both ecological dynamics and human decision-making. Here, we propose a unifying framework – Meta-CHANS – that integrates metacommunity ecology into the concept of Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS). We highlight how recent theoretical and methodological advances, especially in species distribution modeling and process inference, allow the identification of dominant [...]
Cellular Innovations and Diversity in the Lepidopteran Compound Eye
Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Behavior and Ethology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Evolution, Life Sciences, Molecular Genetics
Lepidoptera, having co-diversified with flowering plants and adapted to various diel niches, present a remarkable system for studying compound eye cell type diversity. Here we synthesize the latest research regarding lepidopteran eye evolution across different timescales, from species-level variation to family-level changes, and mechanistic levels, from broad anatomical variation to molecular [...]
Borealization of tundra ecosystems with climate and land-use change
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
As the colder regions of the planet warm, species are moving northward and upward from the boreal forest to the tundra biome, a process that has been referred to as borealization. Here, we examine the diverse uses of the term borealization and propose the concept of tundra borealization for terrestrial environments to specifically describe shifts in species composition from boreal to tundra [...]
Decoding Genomic Landscapes of Introgression
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Genomic landscapes of introgression provide valuable information for how different evolutionary processes interact and leave signatures in genomes. The recent expansion of genomic datasets across diverse taxa, together with advances in methodological development, has created new opportunities to investigate the impact of introgression along individual genomes in various clades, making the precise [...]
Neighborhood habitat gains increase plant species richness in forest fragments
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Theory and indirect evidence suggest that when new habitat is added to a habitat fragment’s local landscape, or “neighborhood”, species richness in the fragment will increase. Although this hypothesis is frequently assumed, it has not yet been tested directly with longitudinal data. In a natural forest regeneration experiment on Aotearoa New Zealand’s South Island, we use causal inference to show [...]
Ocean warming drives abrupt declines in fish productivity at global scale
Published: 2025-05-22
Subjects: Life Sciences
Marine life is under multiple pressures, including climate change and overfishing. Environmental change and variability can threaten fishery sustainability, especially when it results in large, abrupt and persistent shifts in productivity of fish stocks. Reports of abrupt shifts in marine systems are not uncommon, but a global assessment of their occurrence and drivers is seriously lacking. Here, [...]
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems. Sandy Beaches & Dunes of the Gulf of Guinea North
Published: 2025-05-22
Subjects: Life Sciences
The sandy beaches and dunes of the Gulf of Guinea North is a regional ecosystem subgroup along the West African coast. It had a mapped extent of 256 km² in 2022, with a width ranging from of 0.01 km to 1.02 km, and stretches over approximately 2481 km. This ecosystem subgroup extends along the shores of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Guinea Bissau. This [...]