Preprints
There are 2711 Preprints listed.
Cryptic chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic processes complicate the use of carbon stable isotopes in rivers
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Life Sciences
The use of carbon stable isotopes has contributed to many important discoveries regarding the base of consumer production in freshwater ecosystems. There is increasing recognition for the prevalence of anoxic conditions and the contributions of methane-derived carbon to freshwater food webs, highlighting the potential for methanotrophy and chemoautotrophy to complicate interpretations of δ13C [...]
Environmental heterogeneity mediates plant diversity and ecosystem stability in mountain ecosystems of the Mediterranean Andes
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Life Sciences
Globally, mountains are highly diverse ecosystems that serve as natural laboratories for testing fundamental ecological theories, while also providing vital ecosystem services. The biodiversity of these ecosystems is largely attributed to their complex topography, which creates gradients of elevation and environmental heterogeneity. These gradients in turn influence the maintenance of ecosystem [...]
Non-native plant legacies: site-dependent effects on deadwood fungal community species and functions
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Plant Biology, Plant Sciences
1) The introduction of non-native species has consequences for ecosystem functions including deadwood decay. Non-native deadwood is a novel substrate for consumers, such as fungi, which drive large portions of carbon cycling, but their response to a novel substrate may depend on their local communities and surrounding environmental conditions. 2) We quantified decomposition rates, chemical [...]
Coarse-scale effects of land cover and fragmentation on Pyrodiversity
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
Fire plays a crucial role in shaping ecosystem functions at multiple spatial and temporal scales. While traditional studies on fire regimes focus on central tendencies of fire attributes, such as average fire frequency, size, and seasonality, recent research highlights the importance of pyrodiversity as a critical ecological factor. Pyrodiversity reflects the variability in fire attributes across [...]
Beyond sex differences in the mean: new approaches to meta-analyse differences in skewness, kurtosis, and correlation
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Biological differences between males and females are pervasive. Researchers often focus on sex differences in the mean or, occasionally, in variation, albeit other measures can be useful for biomedical and biological research. For instance, differences in skewness (asymmetry of a distribution), kurtosis (heaviness of a distribution’s tails), and correlation (relationship between two variables) [...]
Dynamic range models improve the near-term forecast for a marine species on the move
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Population dynamic models are widely used to predict demography. However, they have rarely been extended to biogeographical applications despite widespread calls to do so. We developed a process-based dynamic range model (DRM) that estimated demographic rates and the effects of the environment on demographic rates to forecast species range shifts in response to temperature change. As a proof of [...]
Mapping the potential risk of coronavirus spillovers in a global hotspot
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Life Sciences, Public Health
Bats harbor approximately a third of known mammal viruses, including the recent coronaviruses SARS-CoV1 and SARS-CoV2 that likely spilled over in Asia. As spillover risk increases due to habitat loss and fragmentation, we identified potential zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk hotspots by combining landscape characteristics with the diversity of competent hosts, with horseshoe bats (genus [...]
Studying Individuality in Behavioural Ecology: Overcoming Epistemic Challenges
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy
Behavioural ecologists have recently begun to study individuality, that is, individual differences and uniqueness in phenotypic traits and in ecological relations. However, individuality is an unusual object of research. Using an ethnographic case study of individuality research in behavioural ecology, we analyse concerns that behavioural ecologists express about their ability to study [...]
Revision of a revised phylogenetic analysis of Leucheria Lag. sensu lato (Asteraceae; Nassauvieae) with remarks on theoretical aspects of phylogenetics and phylogenomics
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Biodiversity
Presented here is a revised analysis of a previous phylogenetic analysis of the Leucheria Lag. s. l. crown group (Asteraceae; Nassauvieae), which was, in turn, a reanalysis of an earlier analysis of Leucheria s. stricto. Leucheria s. l. includes Polyachyrus Lag, and the crown group includes Oxyphyllum Phil. The present analysis adds several more recently published sequences of the nuclear [...]
Habitat filtering, not dispersal limitation, drives ant and termite community assembly along a tropical forest regeneration gradient
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences
Regenerating forests comprise a significant proportion of forest ecosystems in the tropics. However, species assembly mechanisms after anthropogenic disturbances are still poorly understood. It has been shown that locally established ant communities clearly assemble along gradients of forest regeneration. However, it is unclear if this is determined by dispersal limitation or habitat filtering [...]
Illustrated catalogue and preliminary phylogeny of 330 species of Arctiinae moth species from the Chocó rainforest in NW Ecuador: most species are undescribed
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
Tropical rain forests are the most species rich terrestrial habitats on Earth, but their insect diversity is understudied, and it is unclear how many species are already scientifically described. A model group to study description patterns are tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae), a species-rich moth clade that comprises subtaxa that differ considerably in appearance. We inventoried Arctiinae moths [...]
LEPY: A Python-Based Pipeline for Automated Morphological Trait Analysis of Lepidoptera Images
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Life Sciences
1. We present LEPY, a Python-based pipeline for automating the extraction and analysis of morphological traits, including structural and colour properties, from mounted Lepidoptera specimens. It uses a U-Net neural network for image segmentation and a scale bar for precise measurements. LEPY is designed to be easy and reproducible, ensuring efficient and consistent analysis of large Lepidoptera [...]
Taxonomic uncertainty: causes, consequences, and metrics
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Life Sciences
Taxonomic uncertainty is prevalent across many biological groups. Yet it remains overlooked in ecology, evolution, and conservation research, leading to potential misinterpretations of biodiversity patterns. Here, we synthesize the recent literature to define taxonomic uncertainty, examine its root causes and consequences, and present key metrics for its quantification. We argue that species [...]
A fundamental theory of actual error for species population monitoring
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Life Sciences
Progress towards many national and international targets to halt and reverse declines of species populations (abundances) will be measured against Multispecies Biodiversity Indicators (MSIs). Like any sample-based estimator, MSIs approximate some real-world quantity (the estimand), and the difference between the two is the ‘actual’ or realised statistical error. We propose a general estimator and [...]
Variation in successional niche turnover of multiple taxa in a recovering tropical rainforest
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Understanding the niche turnover of ecological communities is fundamental for advancing successional theory and effective restoration. However, since niche preferences are known for a few taxa, ecosystem succession is only partially understood. To fill this gap, using a null model approach, we determined the niche optimal within eighteen ecological communities (bacteria, animals, and plants) [...]