Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Biology

Don’t make genetic data disposable: Best practices for genetic and genomic data archiving

Deborah M Leigh, Amy Vandergast, Maggie Hunter, et al.

Published: 2023-09-25
Subjects: Bioinformatics, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Genetics and Genomics, Life Sciences

In ecology and evolution, genetic and genomic data are commonly collected for a vast array of scientific and applied purposes. Despite mandates for public archiving, such data are typically used only once by the data-generating authors. The repurposing of genetic and genomic datasets remains uncommon because it is often difficult, if not impossible, due to non-standard archiving practices and [...]

Plant mutations, beyond the clichés

Thibault Leroy

Published: 2023-09-18
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Genetics and Genomics, Life Sciences, Plant Sciences

Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine organisms

Lars Henrik Poding, Peter Jägers, Mareike Huhn, et al.

Published: 2023-09-05
Subjects: Biology, Life Sciences, Marine Biology

Fluorescence in marine organisms has mainly been studied in corals but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological function of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals [...]

Tick-tock, racing the clock: Parasitism is associated with decreased sprint performance in the Eastern Fence Lizard

Kristoffer H Wild, Christopher M Gienger

Published: 2023-08-27
Subjects: Biology, Life Sciences, Physiology

Host-parasite relationships are important components of ecological systems that influence the evolution of both hosts and parasites. High levels of ectoparasitic infections can disrupt host homeostasis, causing adverse effects on health and performance. However, the effects of natural ectoparasitic levels on host physiology are less understood, with most research designs implementing experimental [...]

Gardens as drivers of native plant dispersal and conservation

Ingmar R. Staude

Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences

1. Gardens hold untapped potential for participatory biodiversity conservation. Conservation gardening has recently emerged as a way to foster declining native plant species in urban and rural green spaces. But the impact of cultivating these species on population trends in the broader landscape remains underexplored. 2. Here, I study the effects of cultivating herbaceous native plants on [...]

The need of decoding life for taking care of biodiversity and the sustainable use of nature in the Anthropocene - a Faroese perspective

Svein-Ole Mikalsen, Jari í Hjøllum, Ian Salter, et al.

Published: 2023-07-29
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Genetics and Genomics, Life Sciences

Biodiversity is under pressure, mainly due to anthropocentric activities and climate change. At the international policy level, it is now recognised that genetic diversity is an important part of biodiversity. The availability of high-quality reference genomes gives the best basis for using genetics and genetic diversity towards the global aims of (i) protection of species, biodiversity, and [...]

The potential of phage model systems as therapeutic agents

Jordan Romeyer Dherbey, Frederic Bertels

Published: 2023-07-28
Subjects: Biology, Evolution, Life Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Microbiology

With the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance, phages are an appealing alternative to antibiotics in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Over the past few years, many phages have been isolated from various environments to treat bacterial pathogens. While isolating novel phages for treatment has had some success, this method is very fastidious because phage isolation, [...]

Recent human-bear conflicts in Northern Italy: a review, with considerations of future perspectives

Mattia De Vivo

Published: 2023-07-17
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Behavior and Ethology, Biodiversity, Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Zoology

The killing of a runner in Northern Italy by a brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) and the subsequent investigation of such matter highlighted a Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) that has been present in Trentino since the introduction of bears for conservation during the Life Ursus Project. Such conflict may be exacerbated as both human and bear populations get bigger. In this paper, I summarize the [...]

Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and their Parasitized Hosts

Mathilde Scheifler, Léonore Wilhelm, Bertanne Visser

Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Life Sciences, Physiology

Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids always kill their host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, is important for their chances to survive and reproduce. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers already since the 60s [...]

Hypotheses on the extended phenotype of the mitochondrion: sex, mortality, and aging

Gordon Irlam

Published: 2023-06-19
Subjects: Biology, Evolution

How did sex evolve, how is sex evolutionary stable, why do eukaryotes appear mortal, and why do eukaryotes age, are all pressing questions. This paper presents a mitochondrial perspective on the evolution of the eukaryotic cell that appears capable of answering these questions. Rather than viewing a mitochondrion as a passive entity taken up by an archaeal host that remains in the driving seat, [...]

Academic publishing requires linguistically inclusive policies

Henry Arenas-Castro, Violeta Berdejo-Espinola, Shawan Chowdhury, et al.

Published: 2023-06-05
Subjects: Biology, International and Intercultural Communication, Scholarly Publishing

Scientific knowledge is produced in multiple languages but is predominantly published in English. This academic publishing practice creates a language barrier to the generation and transfer of scientific knowledge between communities with diverse linguistic backgrounds, hindering the ability of scholars and communities to address global challenges and achieve diversity and equity in science, [...]

Trophic interaction models predict interactions across space, not food webs

Dominique Caron, Ulrich Brose, Miguel Lurgi, et al.

Published: 2023-05-30
Subjects: Biology

Aim: Trophic interactions are central to our understanding of essential ecosystem functions as well as their stability. Predicting these interactions has become increasingly common due to the lack of empirical data on trophic interactions for most taxa in most ecosystems. We aim to determine whether and how accurately we can extrapolate to new communities both in terms of pairwise predator-prey [...]

Breaking the Ice: A Review of Phages in Polar Ecosystems

Mara Elena Heinrichs, Gonçalo J Piedade, Ovidiu Popa, et al.

Published: 2023-05-28
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Microbiology

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect and replicate within bacterial hosts, playing a significant role in regulating microbial populations and ecosystem dynamics. However, phages from extreme environments such as polar regions remain relatively understudied due to challenges like restricted ecosystem access and low biomass. Understanding the diversity, structure, and functions of [...]

Individualisation and Individualised Science: Integrating Disciplinary Perspectives

Marie I. Kaiser, Anton Killin, Annette K. F. Malsch, et al.

Published: 2023-05-05
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Economics, Medical Sciences, Philosophy, Psychology, Public Health, Sociology

Recent trends in a range of scientific fields have seen a shift towards research and methods concerning individual differences and individualisation. This article brings together various scientific disciplines—ecology, evolution, and animal behaviour; medicine and psychiatry; public health and sport/exercise science; sociology; psychology; economics and management—and conceptually integrates [...]

Bioremediation by Chlorella vulgaris: Potentials for Treatment of Municipal, Agricultural, and Industrial Wastewater Sources

Lance Aldrin De Jesus Alberca, Shien Mae Arbilo, Laiza Mae Panaglima, et al.

Published: 2023-04-26
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Developing countries such as the Philippines suffer from a lack of policy development and implementation on wastewater treatment and discharge. Chlorella vulgaris is a microscopic green algae that has been employed in other countries for WWT due to its ability to simultaneously reduce pollutants and produce valuable biomass. However, challenges in technology adaptation such as differential [...]

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