Preprints

There are 1957 Preprints listed.

The dispersal potential of endangered plants versus non-native garden escapees

Ingmar R. Staude

Published: 2023-10-30
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Plant Sciences

Amidst global challenges like climate change, plant dispersal corridors are essential. In human-dominated landscapes, urban and rural green spaces are key dispersal avenues. Non-native plants are known to benefit from these, yet the potential benefits for endangered plants remain unclear. To address this question, I compared dispersal traits of endangered native plants with those of [...]

Patterns and drivers of population trends on individual Breeding Bird Survey routes using spatially explicit models and route-level covariates

Adam C Smith, Veronica Aponte, Marie-Anne R. Hudson, et al.

Published: 2023-10-27
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biostatistics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Monitoring, Population Biology, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models

Spatial patterns in population trends, particularly those at fine geographic scales, can help better understand the factors driving population change in North American birds. The standard trend models for the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) were designed to estimate changes in relative abundance through time (trend) within broad geographic strata, such as countries, Bird Conservation [...]

Multifaceted density dependence: Social structure and seasonality effects on Serengeti lion demography

Eva Conquet, Maria Paniw, Natalia Borrego, et al.

Published: 2023-10-27
Subjects: Population Biology

Interactions between density and environmental conditions have important effects on vital rates and consequently on population dynamics and can take complex pathways in species whose demography is strongly influenced by social context, such as the African lion, Panthera leo. In populations of such species, the response of vital rates to density can vary depending on the social structure (e.g., [...]

A systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis of the behavioural impacts of pesticide exposure on zebrafish

Kyle Morrison, Yefeng Yang, Manuela Santos Santana, et al.

Published: 2023-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Pesticides are indispensable in agriculture and have become ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Pesticides in natural environments can cause many negative impacts on aquatic species, ranging from mortality to sub-lethal physiological and behavioural changes. The complex sub-lethal impacts of pesticides are routinely tested on model species, with zebrafish (Danio rerio) being regularly used as a [...]

Maternal investment and early thermal conditions affect performance and antipredator responses

Maider Iglesias Carrasco, Jiayu Zhang, Daniel W.A. Noble

Published: 2023-10-27
Subjects: Behavior and Ethology, Biology, Evolution, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Exposure to increased temperatures during early development can lead to phenotypic plasticity in morphology, physiology, and behaviour across a range of ectothermic animals. In addition, maternal effects are known to be important contributors to phenotypic variation in offspring. Whether the two factors interact to shape offspring morphology and behaviour has been barely explored. This is [...]

Ratio versus difference optimization in human behavior

Sonali Shinde, Milind watve

Published: 2023-10-27
Subjects: Arts and Humanities, Business, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Models of optimization have played an important role in the fields of evolution as well as economics. In the classical models of optimization, some tend to maximize the ratio of returns to investment and others tend to maximize the net benefit or the difference between the two. Clarity in the contextual appropriateness of the ratio model versus difference model came very recently. This clarity [...]

Delivering on a promise: Futureproofing automated insect monitoring methods

Roel van Klink

Published: 2023-10-26
Subjects: Life Sciences

Due to rapid technological innovations, the automated monitoring of insect assemblages comes within reach. However, this continuous innovation endangers the methodological continuity needed for calculating reliable biodiversity trends in the future. Maintaining methodological continuity over prolonged periods of time is not trivial, since technology improves, reference libraries grow, and both [...]

Global research priorities for historical ecology to inform conservation

Loren McClenachan, Torben Rick, Ruth H. Thurstan, et al.

Published: 2023-10-26
Subjects: Arts and Humanities, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Historical ecology draws on a broad range of information sources and methods to provide insight into ecological and social change, especially over the past ~12,000 years. While its results are often relevant to conservation and restoration, insights from its diverse disciplines, environments, and geographies have frequently remained siloed or underrepresented, restricting their full potential. [...]

Uneven genetic data limits biodiversity assessments in protected areas globally

Ivan Paz-Vinas, Amy Vandergast, Chloe Schmidt, et al.

Published: 2023-10-26
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Policy, Genetics, Life Sciences

Increasing the extent of protected areas (PA) through 30x30 and other area-based conservation initiatives can help to achieve global biodiversity conservation goals across all biodiversity levels. However, intraspecific genetic variation, the foundational level of biodiversity, is rarely explicitly considered in PA design or quality performance assessments. Repurposing existing genetic data could [...]

Neglected biodiversity and ecological functioning – fish community structure associated with Antipatharia (black corals) on shallow reef ecosystems

Erika Gress, Kevin Bairos-Novak, Tom Bridge, et al.

Published: 2023-10-26
Subjects: Life Sciences

Addressing anthropogenic threats compromising the persistence of tropical marine ecosystems requires an understanding of the fundamental ecological functions these organisms fulfil. Habitat provision is a major function of corals in tropical marine ecosystems, although most research in this area has concentrated on scleractinians (hard corals). Here, we provide one of the first empirical studies [...]

Integration of multimodal cues does not alter mean but reduces among-study variance in avian responses to predators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kimberley Jean Mathot, Josué David Arteaga Torres, Anne Besson, et al.

Published: 2023-10-26
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences

Despite a wealth of studies documenting prey responses to perceived predation risk, researchers have only recently begun to consider how prey integrate information from multiple cues in their assessment of risk. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that experimentally manipulated perceived predation risk in birds and evaluate support for three alternative models of cue [...]

Impacts of exposure to UV radiation and an agricultural pollutant on morphology and behaviour of tadpoles (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis)

Jack Taylor Orford, Hung Tan, Jake M Martin, et al.

Published: 2023-10-23
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class globally, with many species at risk of extinction. Multiple factors have been implicated in the global decline of amphibian populations, and it has been hypothesised that interactions between these stressors may be responsible for such rapid declines. Increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a result of ozone depletion has been identified as one [...]

Leveraging surf breaks to expand conservation of carbon-dense coastal ecosystems

Jacob J Bukoski, Scott R Atkinson, Marissa Anne S. Miller, et al.

Published: 2023-10-23
Subjects: Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences

Surf breaks are increasingly recognized as socio-environmental phenomena that provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation and sustained benefits for local communities. Here, we examine an additional benefit from conserving surf breaks—their coincidence with carbon dense coastal ecosystems. Using global spatial datasets of irrecoverable carbon (defined as carbon stocks that, if lost today, [...]

When the microbiome shapes the host: immune evolution implications for infectious disease

Mark Austin Hanson

Published: 2023-10-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Evolution, Immunity, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Immunology of Infectious Disease, Life Sciences, Molecular Genetics, Pathogenic Microbiology

The microbiome includes both “mutualist” and “pathogen” microbes, regulated by the same innate immune architecture. A major question has therefore been: how do hosts prevent pathogenic infections while maintaining beneficial microbes? One idea suggests hosts can selectively activate innate immunity upon pathogenic infection, but not mutualist colonisation. Another idea posits that hosts can [...]

IUCN Red List of Ecosystem assessment: Tropical glacier ecosystem of the Cordillera de Mérida

José Rafael Ferrer-Paris, Luis Daniel Llambi, Alejandra Melfo, et al.

Published: 2023-10-23
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Life Sciences

This document uses the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems guidelines to diagnose the collapse of the Tropical glacier ecosystems of the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela. Tropical glaciers are rapidly disappearing, particularly in isolated mountain peaks and lower elevations. These glaciers are fundamental substrates for unique cryogenic ecosystems in tropical environments where the ice, melting [...]

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