Preprints
There are 2534 Preprints listed.
Foliar spectral signatures reveal adaptive divergence in live oaks (Quercus section Virentes) across species and environmental niches
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Life Sciences
Genomic tools have transformed our understanding of species and population genetic structure in landscapes. However, discerning the impacts of neutral and adaptive evolutionary forces remains challenging, largely due to the scarcity of tools capable of measuring a broad spectrum of phenotypic traits. We used spectroscopic data from preserved leaves to test for adaptive divergence among [...]
Large female northern pike (Esox lucius) do not connect spawning areas across a lagoon network in the southern Baltic Sea
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Life Sciences
Exceptionally large individuals may serve as keystone connectors among subpopulations and habitats, a role recently demonstrated in large Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway. To examine whether this pattern extends to other coastal fish species, we analysed capture-mark-recapture data for over 5,800 coastal northern pike (Esox lucius) and acoustic tracking data from 317 pike individuals, using [...]
The case for octopus sentience: a follow-up to Simone’s “Are octopuses sentient beings?”
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology
Recently, a paper published in a Brazilian malacology online journal argued against the existence of sentience in octopuses based on disputable arguments – the presence of cannibalistic behavior, absence of sociality and parental care, short lives, size and complexity of the nervous system and intelligence. This response discusses a different perspective on the issue of octopus sentience, [...]
Understanding niche conformance in fire salamander larvae: Insights from reciprocal transplant experiments
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Life Sciences, Zoology
Amphibians are in particular vulnerable to (climatic) changes in their habitat as they are highly dependent on precipitation and temperature. The larval stage can be considered the most critical life stage in the ontogeny of most amphibians as predation is very high, and larvae are restricted to their natal aquatic habitat. The same applies for larvae of the fire salamander (Salamandra [...]
MUSEUMS SHOULD CURATE BEYOND THE NATURAL: DOMESTIC BREEDS OFFER UNIQUE INSIGHT INTO EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES & HUMAN CULTURE
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Arts and Humanities, Life Sciences
This short communication proposes that natural history museums should consider expanding their mission by intensively collecting and curating domesticated, hemerophilic, and genetically engineered animals, plants, and fungi to improve the study of evolutionary biology and anthropology, as well as mitigate against future climatic and economic challenges.
Designing Multi-Modal Ecosystem Monitoring Technologies: A Network of Networks Approach
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Bioinformatics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Monitoring, Software Engineering
The central promise of ecosystem monitoring technologies — like bioacoustic, camera trap, citizen science, eDNA, and satellite data — is to reveal changes in the structure and composition of the Earth’s ecological systems to facilitate timely and effective conservation action. Following the evolution and maturation of these technology systems, the fusion of multimodal observation systems — where [...]
Improving landscape fire frequency estimates by integrating public land fire data and satellite imagery
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Background Contemporary fire regimes are changing rapidly, and effective fire management requires knowledge of fire history, often derived from satellite imagery. Satellites, however, are not well suited to detecting low intensity fires, meaning fire history data are often inaccurate. Aims We aimed to improve satellite fire frequency estimates by incorporating data from fire history on public [...]
Key Biodiversity Areas and Important Plant Areas can help build ecologically representative Protected and Conserved Area networks to meet 30-by-30
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Expanding the global network of Protected and Conserved Areas (PCAs) to cover 30% of the planet by 2030 (30-by-30) is mandated in the Global Biodiversity Framework. However, if PCA expansion is undertaken hastily, it risks inadvertently overlooking important species or ecosystems and entrenching existing spatial and taxonomic biases. We investigate, across 28 countries, whether sites identified [...]
Leveraging large language models for ecological interpretation using an eBird chatbot case study
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
1. The anthropocene presents significant challenges for global biodiversity, public health, and long-term ecosystem stability. The wealth of publicly available near-real-time ecology and climate data can be used to monitor these challenges and allow practitioners to develop mitigation strategies. 2. There is untapped potential to apply Large Language Models (LLMs) to quantitative ecological and [...]
Short reproductive periods dominate mast seeding across diverse tree species
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Biology
Mast seeding, synchronous and highly variable reproduction among perennial plants, profoundly impacts ecosystem dynamics and species interactions. However, the extent of periodicity in mast seeding, defined as cyclical but not strictly regular intervals between reproduction, remains poorly understood, including how it varies across and within species. Here, we used autoregressive analyses on seed [...]
Balancing Accessibility and Security: Safeguarding Citizen-Sourced Biodiversity Data in the Age of AI and Open-Sourced Software
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Biodiversity, Bioinformatics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and open-source software are revolutionizing biodiversity monitoring by democratizing access to citizen-science datasets. While these advancements facilitate conservation efforts and scientific research, they pose significant risks for data misuse. Researchers who reduce barriers to accessing such biodiversity datasets are responsible for safeguarding sensitive data.
Longer heatwaves disrupt bacterial communities by decoupling resistance from recovery
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Life Sciences
Periodic heatwaves are increasing in duration, yet their ecological impacts on communities remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested how synthetic communities of soil Pseudomonas species respond to heatwaves of increasing duration. We used a resistance-recovery framework and growth rate-heat tolerance trade-offs to predict whether prolonged stress erodes community stability. Communities [...]
A method of predicting ecological community structure
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
1. Species inventories are the most basic form of ecological data. They provide information both about species richness and about community assembly rules. Fitting species abundance distribution models yields such information. Previous distributions either fit the data badly, assume that all species are equivalent, or ignore sampling processes. A distribution called the compound [...]
Computer Vision Models Offer Scalable Species Detection From Social Media Photographs
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Life Sciences
Social media platforms have emerged as a promising source of data for biodiversity monitoring, due to the vast amounts of user-generated visual content. However, the unstructured and noisy nature of social media data poses challenges for accurate species identification. Foundation vision models present an innovative methodology for identifying a large diversity of species from photographs, [...]
Linking Pattern to Process in Metacommunities: Challenges and Opportunities
Published: 2025-04-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
Ecological communities, and especially metacommunities, are complex and dynamic entities. Resolving the processes and mechanisms that shape these systems remains a central challenge in ecology. This challenge is compounded by the increasing entanglement of mechanisms, processes, and emergent patterns of biodiversity as scales of space, time, and biological organization expand. Here, we define and [...]