Preprints
There are 2712 Preprints listed.
Progress toward sustainable management of marine crustacean fisheries
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Marine Biology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Population Biology
Marine crustacean capture fisheries have been contributing increasingly more to global aquatic food production in recent decades, helping secure socioeconomic benefits. In the past decade the landings of marine crustaceans rose by more than 67% while expanding spatially and taxonomically, doubling their contribution to global fisheries landings. Although efforts to improve the data collection [...]
Trapper Citizen Science: an open-source camera trap platform for citizen science in wildlife research and management
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Biodiversity, Biology, Computational Engineering, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Life Sciences, Population Biology, Zoology
Effective wildlife monitoring is essential for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management, particularly in the face of rapid environmental changes and human-wildlife interactions. Advances in camera trap technology and citizen science, here used to denote non-professional involvement in scientific research, irrespective of citizenship status, have revolutionized ecological data [...]
Forest Carbon Diligence: Digital MRV for Jurisdictional and Voluntary Offsets Markets
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Forest Sciences, Technology and Innovation
Forest Carbon Diligence is a digital MRV system for mapping forest structure and forest carbon over time. This manuscript describes the qualities of the Diligence datasets — annual maps of canopy cover, canopy height, aboveground carbon density, change detection, and their uncertainties — and quantifies performance across multiple MRV contexts. Canopy height and canopy cover regression metrics [...]
Global 1-km land cover for ecological modelling from very high resolution imagery
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Life Sciences
National-scale estimates of mammal species abundance in Italy for the Habitat Directive reporting
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology
This report describes the methodological frameworks developed in collaboration with ATIt ETS (https://www.mammiferi.org) to estimate the abundance of mammal populations at the scale of Italy for the species listed under Annexes II, IV, and V of the Habitats Directive. For each species, the estimation methodology was defined based on the availability and quality of data supplied by the individual [...]
Birdwatchers’ attitudes and preferences that influence their decisions to engage in local, national, and international birdwatching trips
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Birdwatching tourism has significant economic potential and is a growing form of ecotourism. Birdwatchers throughout the United States have diverse attitudes and motivations, and here we sought to understand how, and why, birdwatchers select birdwatching destinations at local, in-country, and international scales. A questionnaire survey (n=427 participants) revealed that 98% participate in local [...]
Urbanization Effects on Plant Parasitism: A Multi-Regional Comparison of Endemic Occurrence and Outbreak Intensity
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Other Immunology and Infectious Disease, Parasitology, Plant Pathology, Urban Studies and Planning
Microbial and insect parasitism plays a crucial role in shaping plant communities. The urban stress hypothesis posits that urbanization increases parasitism owing to the physiological environment, whereas the habitat fragmentation hypothesis suggests that habitat fragmentation in urban areas suppresses disease transmission. In the epidemiological triangle (comprising pathogen occurrence, [...]
Northern Riches and Rangifer Risks: A review of the Impacts of Resource Extraction for Caribou and Reindeer
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Life Sciences
As the global demand for energy continues to rise rapidly, northern ecosystems—i.e. Arctic, subarctic, and boreal regions—are especially at risk due to their rich mineral and hydrocarbon potential. The expansion of infrastructure associated with extractive industries often impacts species and may ultimately contribute to population declines, particularly for those less resilient to environmental [...]
Soil drying induces widespread productivity loss but unequal climate vulnerability among ecotypes of a foundational Arctic sedge
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Plant Biology
1. As temperatures increase in the Arctic, hydrological change may lead to local soil drying through altered snowpack, evapotranspiration, and drainage due to permafrost thaw. These changes threaten to alter soil moisture regimes that control plant productivity and ecosystem carbon cycling. Eriophorum vaginatum, a foundational sedge that accounts for up to 30% of carbon uptake in moist tundra [...]
Shaping the future of ecological restoration: Integrating predictability and adaptive insights
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Introduction: Ecological restoration must move beyond fixed historical baselines to face the realities of climate change, biodiversity loss, and complex socioecological dynamics. Framework for restoration: We propose the Future-Based Approach (FaBRestor), a novel framework that reframes restoration as a forward-looking, adaptive process. FaBRestor integrates multitemporal lenses—past legacies, [...]
Fostering a natural history community
Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Botany, Other Arts and Humanities
Natural history is an individuals-first approach to natural science in which the subject of our study leads us into novel and integrative questions. It is, in Ann Zwinger’s words, a set of practices aimed at “tying together yesterday and tomorrow within the framework of today’s natural world.” Public-school curricula have dropped much of the natural history education that was common through the [...]
A Tubules-First Model for the Origin of Eukaryotic Membrane Traffic
Published: 2025-08-04
Subjects: Cell and Developmental Biology
The discovery of membrane trafficking proteins in Asgard archaea—the closest archaeal relatives of eukaryotes—reveals the deep evolutionary roots of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. This review synthesizes recent genomic, structural, and functional studies in archaea and eukaryotes to explore how these ancient proteins contributed to the emergence of intracellular membranes. While Asgard [...]
Five misunderstandings in animal social network analysis
Published: 2025-08-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Animal social network analysis has become central to behavioural ecology, offering powerful tools to explore the links between social behaviour and ecological or evolutionary processes. While rooted in the broader field of social network analysis, the methods used in animal studies have diverged from contemporary practices in the broader field. This divergence has led to conflicting guidance on [...]
Improving the temporal transferability of species distribution models under climate change by incorporating historical species-climate relationship
Published: 2025-08-04
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Understanding how species will respond to climate change is one of the current key challenges in ecology and nature conservation. The tempo-spatial variations of climate makes it more challenging to predict species responses to climate change across their entire ranges. Species distribution models have been widely used for identifying how species distributions respond to climatic drivers. Despite [...]
Trait shifts during range expansions: A meta-analysis
Published: 2025-08-03
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Populations undergoing range expansions often undergo phenotypic shifts at the leading edge. Understanding how traits change during range expansions could provide insight into predicting invasive species dynamics and responses to climate change. Theory predicts that edge populations should increase in dispersal capability and shift towards reproductive traits that maximize fecundity over [...]