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Differential assembly of core and non-core host-microbe network structures along a land-use change gradient

Differential assembly of core and non-core host-microbe network structures along a land-use change gradient

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Authors

Matan Markfeld, Georgia Titcomb, Toky Maheriniaina Randriamoria, Garima Sehgal, Nuzha Baksh, Ashley Kerrigan, Voahangy Soarimalala, Charles L. Nunn, Shai Pilosof 

Abstract

Microbial communities are fundamental to host health, yet their assembly dynamics under environmental change remain poorly understood. We analyzed individual-level host-microbe networks in the non-native wild black rats (Rattus rattus) across a land-use gradient in Madagascar. By applying a moving prevalence threshold, we distinguished between core and non-core microbes and compared the assembly drivers shaping their network structures. Non-core microbes formed fragmented, modular networks shaped mainly by heterogeneous selection, reflecting environmental filtering. In contrast, core microbes exhibited stable, less modular networks driven primarily by stochastic ecological drift. These distinct assembly processes persisted across thresholds, highlighting fundamental differences in microbial structuring. Land-use change significantly influenced the modular structure of non-core microbes but had minimal effects on core microbes, demonstrating the differential sensitivity of microbial groups to environmental variation. This study advances our understanding of host-microbe interactions and provides a framework for assessing microbiome assembly under anthropogenic change.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32942/X2PP94

Subjects

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences

Keywords

Microbiome, community assembly, microbial ecology, land-use change, Rat, host-microbe network, modularity, Madagascar

Dates

Published: 2025-05-11 23:10

Last Updated: 2025-05-11 23:10

License

CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Language:
English

Data and Code Availability Statement:
Data and code are available on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/Ecological-Complexity-Lab/Microbiome_Structure_Madagascar