The distribution of genetic diversity in ecological communities: A unifying measure for monitoring biodiversity change

Isaac Overcast , Irene Calderon-Sanou, Simon Creer, Virginia Dominguez-Garcia, Oskar Hagen, Michael Hickerson, Theresa Jörger-Hickfang, Henrik Krehenwinkel, Jay T Lennon, Laura Méndez, Maria Méndez, Renske Onstein, Henrique M. Pereira, Clara Qin, Douglas W Yu, Damaris Zurell, Rosemary G. Gillespie

Monitoring the “health” of an ecological community is a critical component of conservation planning. We propose that aggregating intraspecific genetic variation across all species of an ecological community (Community Genetic Distribution; CGD) provides a new way to measure biodiversity that is unifying across taxa, economically scalable, and geographically transferable. Such community-scale data provides information about past dynamics that can unveil processes structuring contemporary biodiversity, and can identify communities that are resilient to perturbation. Using the CGD, high-throughput biodiversity genetic inventories (e.g. metabarcoding/eDNA) can be leveraged to identify the genetic signatures of pristine and disturbed systems. We show examples of the CGD from empirical systems, how it responds through space and time to human disturbance, and how it successfully recovers restoration and succession gradients from metabarcoding datasets with the goal of obtaining insight on community genetic health and developing indicator metrics which can identify communities that are resilient to perturbation. We outline ways in which the CGD complements and extends information in the suite of currently described essential biodiversity variables, and how it can contribute to the targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.