Exploring the interplay of epigenetics and individualization

Denis Meuthen, Joseph I. Hoffman, Joachim Kurtz, Ane Liv Berthelsen, Nayden Chakarov, Rebecca Shuhua Chen, Angelica Coculla, Jürgen Gadau, Toni I. Gossmann, Max Mühlenhaupt, Tania Chavarria-Pizarro, Tim Rapp, Bernice Sepers, Nikolas Vellnow, Shuqing Xu, David Vendrami

Considering individual differences enhances our understanding of eco-evolutionary processes. Epigenetic modifications, which enable the same genotype to produce different phenotypes, may serve as a key proximate mechanism underlying these differences. We propose that epigenetic mechanisms mediate the realization of individualized niches. This process is best understood by distinguishing between environmentally inducible and non-inducible epigenetic modifications, as they play distinct roles in shaping individualization. Furthermore, we suggest that the realization of individualized niches can contribute to the emergence of epigenetic variation. Niche processes can modify the epigenomes of individuals and their offspring, even in the absence of germline transmission. Additionally, these processes may buffer selection, thereby preserving epigenetic variation.