Genetic diversity is key to a nature-positive future

David O’Brien, Elana Bader, Jeanette Hall, Sean M. Hoban, Gernot Segelbacher, Sibelle Torres Vilaça, Deborah M Leigh

1. Nature-positive describes the concept of halting and then reversing the loss of biodiversity in a manner that is equitable to all, particularly indigenous peoples and local communities. 2. Genetic diversity is the foundational component of biodiversity, underpinning species and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity is vital to resilience and ecosystem services. While genetic diversity was included in early definitions of nature-positive, it has been omitted from some more recent framings. Here we discuss why this omission may jeopardise the very ecosystems which the concept aims to protect. 3. The limitations around data and methods for assessing genetic diversity are rapidly disappearing. Thus we argue genetic diversity should be used for measuring nature-positive outcomes. With advances in genetic and genomic technologies, this approach can even be more affordable than assessing species or ecosystems. If DNA-based data are not available, indicators are available for inferring the status of genetic diversity with proxy data. 4. Policy implications: It is both possible and beneficial to incorporate genetic diversity in biodiversity assessments for nature-positive. It should be used in co-developing management plans at local and national levels. Including genetic diversity in steps to build a nature-positive future is thus essential if the concept is to achieve its aims.