SHENGYAO LIN , David Newell, Nicola J. Mitchell, Stephen C. Donnellan, Michael Mahony, Liam J. Bolitho, Renee A. Catullo

The 2019/20 Australian megafires impacted numerous species, including six of the seven montane frog species in the genus Philoria, which are confined to isolated rainforest habitats across high-altitude areas in eastern Australian Gondwonan rainforest. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we examined the genetic structure and diversity of the six northern Philoria species to inform conservation management and assess their capacity for post-fire recovery. Narrow-range species were confirmed as a single population for management purposes, while P. kundagungan, P. loveridgei, and P. sphagnicolus exhibit marked genetic differentiation between populations, indicating strong allopatric differentiation among populations isolated on separate mountaintops, suggesting limited natural dispersal ability. We further identify high-value genetic populations in these structured species. Populations that were heavily impacted by the fires, such as P. pughi and P. knowlesi, may face longer-term threats due to potential declines in adaptive capacity. We recommend prioritizing in situ management, genetic rescue, and translocation efforts to bolster resilience in isolated populations. Updated conservation planning and targeted fire buffer management are crucial for the survival of these ancient, regionally endemic frogs in a rapidly changing climate.