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Abstract
Aim
Functional traits help to understand the ecological processes underlying biological invasions. The extent to which trait data are available for alien plants at the global scale is unknown. In this study, we assess the availability of trait data and identify global gaps and biases
Location
Global
Time Period
Present
Major taxa studied
Vascular plants
Methods
We used the GloNAF database to get a global list of plants naturalized outside their native range and their distributions. We combined data from the four largest trait databases: AusTraits, BIEN, GIFT, and TRY, on which we performed taxonomic and trait harmonization. We studied the availability of trait data. Then, based on the distribution data, we tested to what extent trait knowledge was driven by ecological and socioeconomic variables.
Results
We found that the species-by-trait matrix (16,044 species for 2,764 traits) was only 1.4% filled, with most traits measured on very few species. Only ten traits were available for more than 50% of all alien plants. Four percent of the species had not a single trait measured, while 27% of species had data for the three key plant traits of leaf mass per area, seed mass, and plant height. We observed a strong latitudinal gradient in trait knowledge with areas in the Tropics showing lower trait knowledge than higher latitudes, especially in the Northern hemisphere. Growth form, range size, and invasion status were the strongest predictors of trait knowledge, with widespread, invasive tree species being better recorded than other species.
Main conclusions
We identified large trait data gaps at a global scale for alien plants, which limits our ability to study functional invasion ecology at large scales. These gaps are partly driven by uneven sampling and a lack of trait data integration across sources. We recommend that prioritizing the most invasion-relevant traits and distributing community efforts of plant and invasion scientists to sample them in a standardized way can help close these gaps.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/X2FH0T
Subjects
Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Keywords
functional traits, naturalized plants, non-native plants, missing trait, data gaps, raunkiaerian shortfall, biodiversity shortfall, trait database
Dates
Published: 2024-10-17 21:42
Last Updated: 2024-10-22 03:52
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License
CC BY Attribution 4.0 International
Additional Metadata
Language:
English
Conflict of interest statement:
None
Data and Code Availability Statement:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13940200
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