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Urban refugia enhance persistence of an endangered endemic keystone lizard threatened by the rapid spread of an invasive predator
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Abstract
Urbanization shapes global patterns of biodiversity. While often driving biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization, urban areas could paradoxically act as refugia for species threatened by other global change drivers, such as biological invasions. Despite growing interest in their conservation potential, a lack of robust empirical studies unveiling how urban refugia emerge and contribute to species persistence hinders our ability to leverage urban areas to minimize global biodiversity loss. Here, we examined whether and how urban areas promote the persistence of a keystone, endangered endemic Mediterranean island lizard (Podarcis pityusensis) threatened by a rapidly spreading invasive snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis). By integrating field transects, citizen science data, snake trapping, and population dynamics models, we show that invasive snakes drive rapid lizard extirpation in natural areas, but urbanization buffers this effect, enabling local persistence. Intensive snake trapping revealed that urbanization hinders snake spread, acting as an ecological filter. Finally, population dynamics models show that, contrary to a source-sink model, urban lizard populations can persist in the mid-term under sustained predation pressure without requiring an influx of new individuals from surrounding areas. Our findings provide empirical evidence of how urban areas can effectively act as refugia for threatened species, emphasizing their importance in global biodiversity conservation strategies.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/X2V03H
Subjects
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Population Biology
Keywords
urbanization, global biodiversity loss, biological invasion, ecological filters, island edemism, island extinction
Dates
Published: 2024-09-12 15:44
Last Updated: 2025-03-03 10:46
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License
CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Additional Metadata
Language:
English
Data and Code Availability Statement:
Data is available on https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7d7wm3842 . Code is available on https://github.com/marcvez/Urban_Refugia .
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