Hao Ran Lai , Daniel C Burcham, James Wei Wang, Daniel B Stouffer, Damien Wenjie Qiu, Alex Thiam Koon Yee

Trees are important ecosystem service providers that improve the physical environment and human experience in cities throughout the world. Since the ecosystem services and maintenance requirements of urban trees change as they grow in time, predictive models of tree growth rates are useful to forecast societal benefits and maintenance costs over a tree’s lifetime. However, many models to date are phenomenological models with good prediction accuracies but lacking biologically interpretable parameters. This has limited our understanding of species life-history strategies for guiding tree species selection for urban plantings. In this study, we fit a diameter growth model to a large municipal tree inventory in Singapore using Bayesian inference along with an ordinary differential equation solver to obtain both accurate predictions and biologically interpretable parameters. We show that the 90 tree species studied here have growth parameters described by a tradeoff between fast juvenile growth when small versus slower but sustained adult growth when large, corresponding to the well-established “fast–slow” plant economics spectrum. We also use the growth model to calculate the time required to reach specific target diameters to directly illustrate a practical use case of our model inferences. Our findings highlight a more tangible way of selecting species for planting based not only on predicted growth, but also intuitive life-history growth characteristics that could be further generalised by functional traits to explore new species suitable for urban forestry.