The interplay between satiation and temptation drives cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus foraging behaviour and service quality towards client reef fish

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Authors

Zegni Triki , Xaing yi Li Richter, Ana Pinto, Antoine Baud, Sandra Ann Binning, Melisande Aellen, Yasmin Emery, Virginie Staubli, Nichola Raihani, Redouan Bshary

Abstract

Supply and demand affect the values of goods exchanged in cooperative trades where high demand typically leads to a higher price. An exception has been described in the marine cleaning mutualism involving the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus and its variety of ‘client’ coral reef fishes. Cleaner fish feed on clients’ ectoparasites but prefer eating clients’ mucus instead, which constitutes cheating. Here, we provide field observations, followed by a set of laboratory experiments with real clients and Plexiglas feeding plates as surrogates for clients. In the field and in three experiments with real clients, we found that satiated cleaner fish were more cooperative, even though low hunger levels should make them less dependent on cleaning interactions. Similarly, the more abstract version of the experiments using Plexiglas plates offering two food types mimicking client ectoparasites and mucus showed that satiation led cleaner fish to feed more against their preferences – an indicator of cooperative behaviour. However, this outcome occurred only if the temptation to eat the preferred food was low. When the temptation to cheat was high, cleaners did so. We provide further general support to these findings with a game-theoretic model. Many mutualisms involve food as a commodity. Thus, identifying foraging decision rules will enhance our understanding of how individuals adjust to real-time market conditions rather than playing evolved strategies adapted to the average market conditions.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32942/X21S5R

Subjects

Life Sciences

Keywords

Cooperation, mutualism, decision-making, game-theory, Cheating, wild fish

Dates

Published: 2023-12-04 02:45

Last Updated: 2023-12-04 02:45

License

CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Language:
English

Conflict of interest statement:
No conflict of interest

Data and Code Availability Statement:
Source data are archived at Figshare data repository, and will be made accessible upon peer-reviewed publication (Triki et al. 2023) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19778545).