Loïc Prosnier 

There is a growing interest in the effects of noise pollution on aquatic ecosystems. To date, these works mainly focus on hearing species, especially fish and mammals. Species from lower trophic level, including many invertebrate species, are less studied despite their ecological importance. Within these taxa, studies investigating the effects of noise on holozooplankton are very rare. For the first time, I reviewed this literature about noise effects on both marine and freshwater zooplankton, and showed that effects of noise are largely unknown. Previous works demonstrate that they could detect vibrations using mechanoreceptors: noise is susceptible to affect the perception of their environment and to induce stress. The few studies suggest effects on physiology, behavior, and fitness. After this review, and based on methods from ecology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology, I showed how they can be more used to study the noise effects at individual scales, as modifications of physiology, development, survival, and behavior. Responses to noise, that could change species interactions and population dynamics, are expected to lead to larger scale implications (i.e., alterations of food webs dynamics and ecosystem functioning). We might expect further development of acoustic studies on zooplankton, in order to better apprehend how anthropogenic noise affects aquatic environments.