This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. The published version of this Preprint is available: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.32. This is version 1 of this Preprint.
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Abstract
In animals, the early-life environment influences growth and development, which can have lasting effects on life history and fitness into adulthood. We investigated patterns of growth, pupal development time, and their covariation, in wild antler fly larvae (Protopiophila litigata; Diptera: Piophilidae) of both sexes collected from three discarded moose antlers of varying size, chewing damage (used to infer relative age), and antler fly density. Males tended to be smaller and their pupation lasted longer than females. One of the antlers was highly attractive to adult antler flies, whereas the other two attracted few or none. Individuals from one antler of low attractiveness were smaller and took longer to eclose than individuals from either other antler, perhaps due to its high larval density. The relationship between body size and pupal development time also differed among antlers, being positively correlated in the most attractive antler and negatively correlated in the two other antlers.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/zw8g9
Subjects
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, Evolution, Life Sciences, Population Biology
Keywords
body size, Development rate, early-life environment, life history, Pupation
Dates
Published: 2020-03-16 21:22
License
CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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