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Amplexus Takeover in the Asian Common Toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, in Dumka, Jharkhand, India
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Authors
Kulesh Bhandari 
Abstract
I report an instance of amplexus takeover in the Asian Common Toad, Duttaphrynus
melanostictus, observed at Simardhuma village, Dumka District, Jharkhand, India, on 21 July
2025. Over an 18-minute sequence, a second male repeatedly interfered with an amplectant pair
until the amplectant male released the female, after which the second male assumed amplexus.
Although male replacement is known from this species elsewhere in its range, behavioural records
from Jharkhand are scarce, and this note also documents conspicuous monsoon road mortality in
the same landscape.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/X25688
Subjects
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences
Keywords
amplexus, male replacement, Bufonidae, road mortality, Santhal Pargana, Jharkhand
Dates
Published: 2026-09-30 17:13
Last Updated: 2026-09-30 17:13
License
CC BY Attribution 4.0 International
Additional Metadata
Conflict of interest statement:
None.
Data and Code Availability Statement:
Not applicable. This note reports a single field observation; all data are presented in the text and figures.
Language:
English
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