Reframing Mangroves as Socio-Ecological Coastal Infrastructure: Development and Application of a Six-Pillar Socio-Ecological Infrastructure Framework

PARVEEN RAJJAK SHAIKH, ISAK RAJJAK SHAIKH 

Mangrove ecosystems are critical components of coastal socio-ecological systems, providing shoreline protection, biodiversity support, carbon sequestration, and livelihood opportunities for coastal communities. However, increasing pressures from climate change, coastal development, and environmental degradation threaten their resilience and long-term sustainability. This study proposes a Six-Pillar Socio-Ecological Infrastructure Framework that integrates ecological processes, climate regulation functions, coastal geomorphological dynamics, socio-economic interdependence, community co-management, and policy–climate governance. By synthesizing these interconnected dimensions, the framework provides a holistic analytical approach for understanding how mangrove ecosystems contribute to coastal resilience. Empirical insights from regions such as the Sundarbans and coastal areas of Gujarat illustrate the practical relevance of the framework for ecosystem-based adaptation and sustainable coastal governance. The manuscript also highlights policy implications, research gaps, and pathways for strengthening mangrove conservation within broader climate adaptation and coastal management strategies.