This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 1 of this Preprint.
A harmonised dataset of adult Culex pipiens mosquitoes from 17 administrative Italian regions, 2008–2022
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Authors
Eleonora Longo 
,
Margo Blaha,
Annalisa Accorsi,
Elisa Antognini,
Daniele Arnoldi,
Marialuisa Buonanno,
Maria Assunta Cafiero,
Mattia Calzolari,
Cristiano Corona,
Claudio De Liberato,
Claudio de Martinis,
Francesco Defilippo,
Maria Liliana Di Pasquale,
Cipriano Foxi,
Stefano Gavaudan,
Federica Gobbo,
Francesco La Russa,
Valeria Listorti,
Fabrizio Montarsi,
Andrea Mosca,
Maria Concetta Nardella La Porta,
Mirko Perna,
Annapaola Rizzoli,
Federico Romiti,
Giuseppe Satta,
Carlotta Tessarolo,
Chiara Virgilito,
Roberto Rosà,
Beniamino Caputo,
Daniele Da Re
Abstract
Culex pipiens s.l. is the primary vector of West Nile Virus in Italy. Despite the availability of abundant long-term surveillance data on adult Cx. pipiens observations in Italy, historical records are often fragmented across regional repositories with heterogeneous formats and metadata. This work introduces a comprehensive, harmonised dataset of adult Cx. pipiens observations collected across 17 Italian administrative regions from 2008 to 2022. The dataset, compiled from official surveillance programmes conducted by the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institutes network and collaborating institutions, encompasses 58,888 raw observational records of adult Cx. pipiens, corresponding to 37,070 unique trap deployments. To ensure cross-regional comparability, these overlapping local observations were harmonised and spatio-temporally aggregated onto a 9 × 9 km reference grid compatible with ERA5-Land climate reanalysis, providing weekly median abundances. The data were stratified by trap type and mosquito sex, resulting in 50,759 analysis-ready records. Following rigorous quality-control procedures for taxonomic reliability and spatio-temporal consistency, this dataset constitutes an essential resource for spatio-temporal modelling of vector phenology, epidemiological forecasting, and advancing integrated One Health preparedness.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/X2RM3S
Subjects
Biology, Entomology
Keywords
Dates
Published: 2026-09-07 00:10
Last Updated: 2026-09-07 00:10
License
CC BY Attribution 4.0 International
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Conflict of interest statement:
None
Data and Code Availability Statement:
This dataset is permanently archived on Zenodo v1 release (10.5281/zenodo.1 The custom R code used for cleaning, harmonising, and aggregating the raw observational records into the final dataset is available in the Zenodo repository (10.5281/zenodo.19494972). Please note that these scripts are specifically designed to operate on the original, disaggregated data shared by the contributing institutes. As detailed in the Materials and Methods section, these raw records cannot be shared publicly due to confidentiality agreements. Therefore, to allow readers to test the scripts and reproduce the data processing workflow, a synthetic, disaggregated “dummy” dataset for each EZI is provided in the repository in place of the official private raw observational records. Researchers interested in obtaining the raw data to run the scripts must contact the providing institutes directly; the relevant contact information is available in the 'contact_person' variable within the public dataset.9494972).
Language:
English
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