“Ecological and Conservation Governance Condition Analysis Using Ecological Diversity Indices: A Study of Bhawal National Park”

Nakibur Rahman , Noshin Tabassum., Flora Baura, Saima Tabassum, Ahsan Islam

Abstract:
Once a historical biodiversity hotspot, the Bhawal National Park (BNP) in Bangladesh faces
severe threats to its ecological integrity, despite its protected status. Located approximately 40
km north of Dhaka, the park’s original coppice Sal forest (Shorea robusta) ecosystem is now
fragmented and degraded due to illegal deforestation and encroachment, leading to a drastic
decline in native wildlife. This research aims to analyze the park’s current ecological condition,
document its biodiversity richness, and critically assess its governance strategy. Using a mix
of existing paper review, field survey, interviews of park rangers and the community, and
conservation strategy analysis, this paper assesses an adhered-to multipronged reframing
strategy for conservation. Key future initiatives include implementing comprehensive zoning
for core habitats, recovering illegally occupied land through legal and collaborative means, and
enhancing the effectiveness of women's leadership in the governance of protected areas. The
ultimate goal is to measure the current biodiversity status and the potential for enrichment
through conventional approaches that adopt proactive, inclusive strategies for ecosystem
restoration and sustainable management.