Engaging European Local Communities in Biodiversity Genomics Research: A Five-Step Framework for Scientists

Christian de Guttry, Chiara Bortoluzzi, Luísa S. Marins, Tinatin Chkhartishvili, Camilla R. De Pierri, Stefaniya Kamenova, Jennifer A. Leonard, Kay Lucek, Lada Lukić Bilela, Camila J. Mazzoni, Ann M. Mc Cartney, Svein-Ole Mikalsen, Andreia Miraldo, Merce Montoliu-Nerin, Alice Mouton, Lino Ometto, Jaakko Pohjoismäki, María José Ruiz-López, Tammy Steeves, Oleksandr Zinenko, Elena Buzan, Robert Michael Waterhouse 

Societally relevant applications of genomic science to understanding biodiversity depend on sustained and equitable engagement with Local Communities that supports ethical practice, builds a richer knowledge base, and guides sustainable conservation decisions. Pairing genomic sequencing data with long-held local ecological knowledge offers unique opportunities to gain insights into species biology within lived landscapes. However, meaningful participation of Local Communities and integration of community-held knowledge in genomics-informed research practices remains limited, likely hindered by inadequate engagement training and a lack of researcher incentives. Establishing an engagement framework is therefore essential to align collaboration norms, embed a two-way dialogue, and safeguard fair benefit-sharing between scientists and community representatives. Here, we outline participatory principles throughout the biodiversity genomics project lifecycle from a European perspective, from early sampling design to data interpretation, dissemination, and subsequent policy dialogue. Based on this we develop an engagement framework, adoption of which will strengthen data interpretability, elevate scientific and social legitimacy, while empowering communities to co-design management strategies grounded in both contemporary genomics and generational lived experience. By synthesising engagement drivers, pinpointing obstacles, and distilling lessons from a practical example, we present a five-step framework adaptable to varied cultural and ecological settings. We call on researchers, funders, and community leaders to take up and refine this framework, ensuring local voices shape and benefit from the accumulating genomic knowledge that will direct future conservation actions.