Trends in aquatic environmental DNA research in Alaska

Brandi Renee Kamermans, Maggie Harings, Rachel Lekanoff, Laura Timm, Erik Schoen, J.A. López, Jessica Glass

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is an emerging tool with significant potential to advance biomonitoring, particularly in remote and logistically challenging environments. To evaluate the state of eDNA research in Alaska, we conducted a literature review and a regional survey. The review identified 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025, while the survey of 54 individuals representing state, federal, academic, tribal, and nonprofit organizations (46 responses) captured information on ongoing and unpublished projects. Our literature review and survey results reveal that most published and ongoing studies in Alaska employ eDNA metabarcoding to assess community assemblages, species distributions, and biodiversity patterns. However, respondents reported several barriers to implementation, including limited funding, infrastructure, and assay availability, as well as uncertainty in laboratory selection, sampling protocols, and data analysis. Despite these challenges, cross-sector collaborations are developing. Within the growing effort to harness eDNA as a management tool, collaborations with subsistence harvesters are in the forefront of using eDNA for management purposes. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of eDNA research in Alaska, identifies key data gaps, and offers examples of co-production of knowledge currently underway in the state. Frameworks developed in Alaska may inform the advancement of remote biomonitoring programs globally.