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An overview of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of terrestrial vertebrates and its significance, applications and challenges in urban and natural environments
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Authors
Sebastian Francis Carvello 
Abstract
Amidst a global biodiversity crisis and unprecedented levels of species loss, effective environmental monitoring is more important than ever, but traditional methods are often labour intensive and subjective. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is rapidly establishing itself as an important non-invasive, scalable and cost-effective tool for surveying sonant fauna in both natural and urban environments. While key challenges remain, particularly around standardisation, data analysis in complex soundscapes, and logistical difficulties in remote study locations, the future for PAM looks bright, with rapid advancements in the field of AI and novel open-source hardware solutions driving progress.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.32942/X2JH2H
Subjects
Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Keywords
Passive acoustic monitoring, bioacoustics, Ecoacoustics, urban ecology, Soundscape ecology, Biodiversity Monitoring, terrestrial vertebrates, acoustic indices, Autonomous recording units, Anthropophony
Dates
Published: 2025-11-29 10:03
Last Updated: 2025-12-03 03:44
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License
CC BY Attribution 4.0 International
Additional Metadata
Language:
English
Data and Code Availability Statement:
Not applicable
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