The role of socially transferred materials in translating and mediating the effects of global change

Yuqi Reitsema-Wang, Aileen Berasategui, Joris Koene, Maria Margalef, Arthur Matte, Jen Perry, Bart Pollux, Takumi Saito, Lisa Schulte, David Skerrett-byrne, Jennifer Stynoski, Sanja Hakala, Adria LeBoeuf, Ton Groothuis

Almost all animal species transfer endogenously produced substances to conspecifics, either horizontally or vertically, through eggs, seminal fluid, milk, or other specialized materials. These socially transferred materials (STMs) can have substantial evolutionary consequences, are exceptionally plastic, and may enable organisms to adapt to environmental change. The world is facing rapid anthropogenic environmental changes that challenge the adaptive capacity of most species, with important consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We suggest that STMs should be urgently investigated as functional traits, as diagnostic biomarkers for negative responses to environmental change, and as potential channels for mitigation. Here, we first outline the three main types of STMs and how global change is influencing their production, transmission, and effects on recipients. Then we discuss theory-based predictions about the role of STMs in potential translation, mitigation and adaptation. Finally, we outline an interdisciplinary research program to provide insights into the roles of STMs in addressing the biodiversity crisis in a rapidly changing world.